A critical examination of the films of Oscar Micheaux.
One of the most original and successful filmmakers of all time,
Oscar Micheaux was born into a rural, working-class,
African-American family in mid-America in 1884, yet he created an
impressive legacy in commercial cinema. Between 1913 and 1951 he
wrote, directed, and distributed some forty-three feature films,
more than any other black filmmaker in the world, a record of
production that is likely to stand for a very long time.
Micheaux's work was founded upon the concern for class mobility,
or uplift, for African Americans. Uplift provided the context for
Micheaux's extensive commentary on racist cinema, such as D. W.
Griffith's 1915 blockbuster, The Birth of a Nation, which Micheaux
"answered" with his very early films Within Our Gates and Symbol of
the Unconquered. Uplift explains Micheaux's use of "negative
images" of African Americans as well as his multi-pronged campaign
against stereotype and caricature in American culture. His campaign
produced a body of films saturated with a nuanced intertexual
"signifying," boldly and repeatedly treating controversial topics
that face white censorship time after time, topics ranging from
white mob and Klan violence to light-skin-color fetish to white
financing of black cultural productions.
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