Since the end of the last century, UN peacekeeping has undergone a
fundamental and largely unexamined change. Peacekeeping operations,
long expected to use force only in self-defence and to act
impartially, are now increasingly relied upon by the Security
Council as a means to maintain and restore security within a
country. The operations are established under Chapter VII of the UN
Charter and some are empowered to use 'all necessary measures',
language traditionally reserved for enforcement operations. Through
a close examination of these twenty-first century peacekeeping
operations - including operations in Sierra Leone, the Democratic
Republic of the Congo, Liberia, Cote d'Ivoire, Haiti and the Darfur
region of the Sudan - the book shows that they are, for the most
part, fundamentally ill-suited to the enforcement-type tasks being
asked of them. The operations, which are under-funded,
under-equipped and whose troops are under-trained, frequently lurch
from crisis to crisis. There is scant evidence, some 10 years on,
that matters are likely to improve. The book argues that bestowing
enforcement-type functions on a peacekeeping operation is
misconceived. Such operations are likely to be unsuccessful in
their enforcement-type tasks, thereby causing serious damage to the
excellent reputation of UN peacekeeping, and the UN more broadly.
In addition, because such operations are more likely to be
perceived as partial, their ability to carry out traditional
(non-forceful) peacekeeping tasks may be impeded. Finally, the
Security Council's practice of charging peacekeeping operations
with enforcement functions lessens the pressure on the Council to
work to establish genuine enforcement operations - ie, operations
that are considerably better suited to restoring peace and
security. '...Dr Sloan is able to show, in knowledgeable detail,
not only what has changed over the years, but also what has brought
these changes about. His analysis leads him to offer not only
well-informed insights, but critical observations, too...This book
is a pleasing combination of detailed scrutiny of topics already
familiar (provisional measures, consent, so-called 'Chapter VI1/2'
action, implied powers) and a rigorous questioning as to their
place in - or indeed, relevance at all to - militarised
peacekeeping. The reader will find much new terrain traversed, and
plenty of out-of-the-box thinking.' From the foreword by Dame
Rosalyn Higgins
General
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