The authority of Polish communists in 1944-1945 was usurpatory;
it was not given to them by the Polish people. Nor was the power
they held the result of their own actions; they were installed as
the country's rulers by the Soviet army. Yet Polish Communists set
out to produce credible claims to authority and legitimacy for
their power by reshaping the nation's culture and traditions.
Jan Kubik begins his study by demonstrating how the strategy for
remodeling the national culture was implemented through extensive
use of public ceremonies and displays of symbols by the Gierek
regime (1970-1980). He then reconstructs the emergence of the
Catholic Church and the organized opposition as viable
counter-hegemonic subcultures. Their growing strength opened the
way for counter-hegemonic politics, the delegitimization of the
regime, the rise of Solidarity, and the collapse of communism.
He is not studying politics per se, but rather culture and the
subtle and indirect ways power is realized within it, often outside
of traditionally defined politics. Kubik's approach, which draws
heavily on modern anthropological theory, helps explain why
Solidarity happened in Poland and not elsewhere in the Communist
bloc.
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