This study examines the role of the Six-Day War in American
Protestant politics and culture. The author argues that American
foreign policy towards the Arab-Israeli conflict, culminating in
the Trump Administration's 2017 recognition of Jerusalem as
Israel's capital, and the domestic Evangelical communities who
supported it, has a direct correlation with the long-term
consequences of the 1967 Six-Day War. For most of America's
history, biblical literalists, or Evangelicals, dominated the
religious culture of the country. But, in 1925, the Scopes trial on
science, evolution, and religion embarrassed Evangelicals and
caused them to retreat from American culture and politics. Modern
and liberal Protestants won dominance and established control in
nearly all of the Mainline seminaries, publishing houses, and
denominations, leading to the creation of the National Council of
Churches by 1950. This book argues that the Six-Day War reversed
that power structure in American religion, with Evangelicals
returning to a place of prominence in American culture and
politics. Whereas the Scopes trial showed much of American
Protestantism that the Modernists had the right understanding of
the Bible; the Six-Day War demonstrated that, ironically,
Evangelicals may have had it right all along. They used this
historic leverage to vaunt themselves into the highest planes of
American life, with Billy Graham becoming "America's Pastor." In
this historic process, the 1967 war between Israel and the
surrounding Arab states clarified the way those different branches
of American Protestantism thought about the Arab-Israeli conflict,
particularly the issue of Jerusalem. Indeed, the nature of the
Six-Day War was deep and appeared to be of Biblical proportions.
Because Israel gained territories in Jerusalem, Bethlehem, and the
ancient Biblical heartlands formerly held by Jordan; historical,
messianic, and even apocalyptic intrusions entered the various
branches of American Protestantism. In some branches,
supersessionism, a belief that the Church had replaced the Jewish
people as God's chosen, was stoked. In other branches,
supersessionism was rejected and the nature of Judaism and its
connection to the Holy Land was re-evaluated. The important point
is that the territories that Israel captured had thick theological
meaning, and this would force all branches of American
Protestantism to reconsider their assumptions about Judaism and
Zionism, as well as Islam and Palestinian nationalism.
Evangelicalism.
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