Why do nations cooperate even as they try to destroy each other?
Jeffrey Legro explores this question in the context of World War
II, the "total" war that in fact wasn't. During the war, combatant
states attempted to sustain agreements limiting the use of three
forms of combat considered barbarous submarine attacks against
civilian ships, strategic bombing of civilian targets, and chemical
warfare. Looking at how these restraints worked or failed to work
between such fierce enemies as Hitler's Third Reich and Churchill's
Britain, Legro offers a new understanding of the dynamics of World
War II and the sources of international cooperation.
While traditional explanations of cooperation focus on the
relations between actors, Cooperation under Fire examines what
warring nations seek and why they seek it the "preference
formation" that undergirds international interaction. Scholars and
statesmen debate whether it is the balance of power or the
influence of international norms that most directly shapes foreign
policy goals. Critically assessing both explanations, Legro argues
that it was, rather, the organizational cultures of military
bureaucracies their beliefs and customs in waging war that decided
national priorities for limiting the use of force in World War
II.
Drawing on documents from Germany, Britain, the United States,
and the former Soviet Union, Legro provides a compelling account of
how military cultures molded state preferences and affected the
success of cooperation. In its clear and cogent analysis, this book
has significant implications for the theory and practice of
international relations."
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