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Youth Gangs - Causes, Violence & Interventions (Paperback, New)
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Youth Gangs - Causes, Violence & Interventions (Paperback, New)
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Gang activity and related violence threaten public order in a
diverse range of communities in the United States today. Congress
has long recognised that this problem affects a number of issues of
federal concern, and federal legislation has been introduced in the
110th Congress to address some aspects of the issue. Youth gangs
have been an endemic feature of American urban life. They are well
attested as early as the 18th century and have been a recurrent
subject of concern since then. Contemporary views of the problem
have been formed against the background of a significant adverse
secular trend in gang activity during the last four decades. In
particular, the rapid growth of gang membership, geographical
dispersion, and criminal involvement during the violent crime
epidemic; associated with the emergence of the crack cocaine market
during the mid-1980s to the early 1990s; have intensified current
concerns. The experience of those years continues to mark both
patterns of gang activity and public policy responses toward them.
Policy development and implementation in this area are be-devilled
by discrepant uses of the term "gang" and the absence of uniform
standards of statistical reporting. There are reasons for special
care in the use of data on gangs and their activity. Without a
standardised definition of what is meant by "gang", such as the age
group or activities engaged in by its members, or standardised
reporting among the state, local, tribal, and federal levels of
government, it is difficult to target anti-gang initiatives and
evaluate their effectiveness. According to a national gang survey,
the most recent estimate indicates that there were about 760,000
gang members in 24,000 gangs in the United States in 2004. This
book provides background information on the issue of youth gangs,
including data on gangs and gang crime. It reviews existing
anti-gang initiatives at the federal, state, and local levels, and
describes some of the legislation proposed during the 110th
Congress to address the gang problem, as well as some of the issues
raised by those bills.
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