Substantially reducing the number of human beings who lack access
to clean water and safe sanitation is one of the key Millennium
Development Goals. This book argues and demonstrates that this can
only be achieved by a better integration of the technical and
social science approaches in the search for improved organization
and delivery of these essential services. It presents a historical
analysis of the development of water and sanitation services in
both developed and developing countries, which provides valuable
lessons for overcoming the obstacles facing the universalization of
these services. Among the key lessons emerging from the historical
analysis are the organizational and institutional diversity
characterizing the development of water and sanitation
internationally, and the central role played by the public sector,
particularly local authorities, in such development. It also
explores the historical role played by cooperatives and other
non-profit institutions in reaching rural and peri-urban areas, as
well as the emergence of new forms of organization and provision,
particularly in poor countries, where aid and development agencies
have been promoting the self-organization of water systems by local
communities. The book provides a critical exploration of these
different institutional options, including the interaction between
the public and private sectors, and the irreplaceable role of
public funding as a condition for success. The book is divided into
two parts: the first reviews theoretical and conceptual issues such
as the political economy of water services, financing, the
interfaces between water and sanitation services and public health,
and the systemic conditions that influence the provision of these
services, including the diversity of organizational and
institutional options characterizing the governance and management
of water and sanitation services. The second section presents a
number of country or regional case studies, each one chosen to
highlight a particular problem, approach or strategy. These case
studies are drawn from Africa, the Americas, Asia and Europe,
covering a wide range of socio-economic and political contexts. The
book will be of great interest to advanced students, researchers,
professionals and NGOs in many disciplines, including public policy
and planning, environmental sciences, environmental sociology,
history of technology, civil and environmental engineering, public
health and development studies.
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