Three days of savage and bloody fighting between Confederate and
Union troops at Stones River in Middle Tennessee ended with nearly
25,000 casualties but no clear victor. The staggering number of
killed or wounded equaled the losses suffered in the well-known
Battle of Shiloh. Using previously neglected sources, Larry J.
Daniel rescues this important campaign from obscurity. The Battle
of Stones River, fought between December 31, 1862, and January 2,
1863, was a tactical draw but proved to be a strategic northern
victory. According to Daniel, Union defeats in late 1862 -- both at
Chickasaw Bayou in Mississippi and at Fredericksburg, Virginia --
transformed the clash in Tennessee into a much-needed morale
booster for the North. Daniel's study of the battle's two
antagonists, William S. Rosecrans for the Union Army of the
Cumberland and Braxton Bragg for the Confederate Army of Tennessee,
presents contrasts in leadership and a series of missteps. Union
soldiers liked Rosecrans's personable nature, whereas Bragg
acquired a reputation as antisocial and suspicious. Rosecrans had
won his previous battle at Corinth, and Bragg had failed at the
recent Kentucky Campaign. But despite Rosecrans's apparent
advantage, both commanders made serious mistakes. With only a few
hundred yards separating the lines, Rosecrans allowed Confederates
to surprise and route his right ring. Eventually, Union pressure
forced Bragg to launch a division-size attack, a disastrous move.
Neither side could claim victory on the battlefield. In the
aftermath of the bloody conflict, Union commanders and northern
newspapers portrayed the stalemate as a victory, bolstering
confidence in the Lincoln administration and dimming the prospects
for the "peace wing" of the northern Democratic Party. In the
South, the deadlock led to continued bickering in the Confederate
western high command and scorn for Braxton Bragg.
General
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