Managed realignment has been a preferred coastal management
strategy in England in the 21st century and has also been
increasingly implemented elsewhere. Climate change and
environmental and financial concerns have led to a shift from the
traditional hold-the-line approach of coastal protection towards
more flexible soft engineering options. Managed realignment is a
relatively new soft engineering alternative aiming to provide
sustainable flood risk management with added environmental and
socio-economic benefits by creating space for coastal habitats to
develop more dynamically. The natural adaptive capacity of coastal
habitats and the ecosystem services they provide underpin the
sustainability of managed realignment. However, many definitions of
managed realignment exist and the understanding of what the term
actually represents in practice has evolved through time and varies
regionally.
This book clarifies the definitions and terminology used in the
literature and proposes that managed realignment is used as a
general term that encompasses the many different methods of
implementation worldwide, including: removal, breach and
realignment of defences; controlled tidal restoration (which
includes regulated tidal exchange and controlled reduced tide); and
managed retreat. These methods of implementation are explained and
illustrated with examples from around the world. In addition to a
general overview of emerging policies and current practices,
specific chapters discuss approaches adopted in different
locations, including the Netherlands, the UK and Maui (USA). The UK
experience is presented from the perspectives of three sectors: the
National Trust (a charity organisation that owns 10% of the
coastline of England and Wales), the Environment Agency (the
organisation responsible for implementing government policy
concerning flood and erosion risk) and a private consultant
involved in the planning, design and delivery of managed
realignment projects. Taking a wider perspective to consider the
range of implementation methods, the viability of managed
realignment as a long-term coastal management strategy is
discussed.
Recent national and regional strategies worldwide give managed
realignment an increasing role in climate change and flood risk
management. Gaining stakeholders and public support is fundamental
for the success of emerging coastal management strategies. However,
public perception and stakeholders engagement are often cited as a
factor limiting the wider uptake of managed realignment. Results
from a recent survey are used to benchmark the current thinking
about the potential, the performance and the limitations of managed
realignment in the UK and elsewhere. Current opinions about managed
realignment are often not clearly defined, partly due to many
projects being relatively recent. There is a general perception of
great potential to provide sustainable flood risk management with
added environmental benefits. However, the views of stakeholders
are considerably more negative and notably contrast with the views
of practitioners and researchers. The only clear and dominant
agreement across all groups of respondents is that better
understanding about the long-term evolution of sites is needed.
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