Migration and Empire provides a unique comparison of the motives,
means, and experiences of three main flows of empire migrants.
During the nineteenth century, the proportion of UK migrants
heading to empire destinations, especially to Canada, Australia,
and New Zealand, increased substantially and remained high. These
migrants included so-called 'surplus women' and 'children in need',
shipped overseas to ease perceived social problems at home. Empire
migrants also included entrepreneurs and indentured labourers from
south Asia, Africa, and the Pacific (together with others from the
Far East, outside the empire), who relocated in huge numbers with
equally transformative effects in, for example, central and
southern Africa, the Caribbean, Ceylon, Mauritius, and Fiji. The UK
at the core of empire was also the recipient of empire migrants,
especially from the 'New Commonwealth' after 1945.
These several migration flows are analysed with a strong
appreciation of the commonality and the complex variety of migrant
histories. The volume includes discussion of the work of
philanthropists (especially with respect to single women and
'children in care') as well as governments and entrepreneurs in
organising much empire migration, and the business of recruiting,
assisting, and transporting selected empire migrants. Attention is
given to immigration controls that restricted the settlement of
some non-white migrants, and to the mixture of motives explaining
return-migration. The study concludes by indicating why the special
relationship between empire and migration came to an end. Legacies
remain, but by the 1970s political change and shifts in the global
labour market had eroded the earlier patterns.
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