Now with the growth of commercialisation, football is a
multi-billion pound business that competes for scarce resources and
uses, amongst other things, professional management techniques.
Because of the increase and push towards efficiency, it has become
of greater interest to players, coaches, administrators, spectators
and owners to identify psychological attributes and mental skills
associated with superior sport performance as a primary stage of
facilitating their development. However, there has been little
research into the emotional factors affecting footballers at
different levels, in particular, the mental toughness and hardiness
of footballers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the
relationship between mental toughness and hardiness of footballers
and the level of football at which they perform. Mental toughness
was assessed using the Psychological performance inventory.
Hardiness was assessed using the Personal views survey III-R.
Participants in the present study were 61 footballers from various
clubs and 2 levels of performance: Playing recreational or elite
football.Results are discussed relative to previous findings
relevant to mental toughness and hardiness and future implications
to aid the psychological development of footballers playing at
different levels. Future research might concentrate further on
psychological skills training, coping strategies and psychological
preparation strategies in a wider variation of sports specific to a
wider range of athletes, from grass roots to international level.
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