The studies in this second volume by Martin Rudwick (the first
being The New Science of Geology: Studies in the Earth Science in
the Age of Reform) focus on the figures of Charles Lyell and
Charles Darwin. Lyell rose to be of pivotal importance in the
second quarter of the 19th century because he challenged other
geologists throughout Europe by probing their methods and
conclusions to the limit. While adopting their goal of
reconstructing the contingent history of the earth, he claimed that
the physical processes observable in action in the present could
explain far more about the past than was commonly believed, and
that it was unnecessary to postulate occasional catastrophic events
of still greater intensity. Far more controversial was Lyell's
further claim that the earth and its life had always been in a
stable steady state, rather than developing in a broadly linear or
directional fashion. His younger friend Charles Darwin first made
his name as a Lyellian geologist; Darwin's early work in geology,
studied here, provided important foundations for his later and more
famous research on speciation and other biological problems.
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