Athenians in the classical period (508-322 BC) were drawn to an
image of themselves as a compassionate and generous people who
rushed to the aid of others in distress, both at home and abroad.
What relation does this image bear to actual Athenian behavior?
This book argues that Athenians felt little pressure as individuals
to help fellow citizens whom they did not know. Democratic ideology
called on citizens to refrain from harming one another rather than
to engage in mutual support, and emphasized the importance of the
helping relationship between citizen and city rather than among
individual citizens. If the obligation of Athenians to help fellow
citizens was fairly tenuous, all the more so was their
responsibility to intervene to assist the peoples of other states;
a distinct pragmatism prevailed in the city's decisions concerning
intervention abroad.
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