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Addressing Issues of Access and Fairness in Education through Dynamic Assessment (Hardcover)
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Addressing Issues of Access and Fairness in Education through Dynamic Assessment (Hardcover)
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Increased emphasis in many school systems on formal testing to mark
student achievement and hold teachers accountable has begun to
heighten concern among many educational policy makers, assessment
specialists, and classroom teachers over questions of access and
fairness, particularly for learners from culturally different
backgrounds and those with a history of academic struggles. This
situation echoes that faced by the Russian psychologist L. S.
Vygotsky nearly ninety years ago in his efforts to understand
processes of development and meet the needs of all learners. His
famous proposal of the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) holds
that assessments must take account not only of abilities that have
fully formed but also those that are still emerging. The diagnostic
value of the ZPD lies in identifying the underlying source of
learner difficulties as well as their future potential. Since
Vygotsky's time, psychologists and educators have devised a range
of practices for engaging with learners in ZPD activity that have
come to be known as Dynamic Assessment (DA). In DA, assessors go
beyond observations of independent performance and engage
cooperatively with learners to both understand and support their
development. This process is in full evidence in the papers in this
collection, which offers a cross section of applications of DA with
diverse populations, including special needs learners, immigrant
and minority students, and second language learners. While these
papers may be read as cutting-edge academic research, they also
represent a commitment to going beyond manifest difficulties and
failures to help individuals construct a more positive future. This
book was originally published as a special issue of Assessment in
Education: Principles, Policy & Practice.
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