What is the specificity of the human race within nature? How is
its history to be explained? What impact do material realities,
natural and man-made, have on human beings? What role does thought,
in all its dimensions, play in the production of social relations?
How are the human sciences to be advanced today? These are among
the crucial questions confronted by Godelier in this key book of
contemporary social theory. Its point of departure lies in a fact
and a hypothesis. The fact: in contrast to other social animals,
human beings do not just live in society; they produce society in
order to live. The hypothesis: because they have the unique
capacity to appropriate and transform nature, they produce culture
and create history.
Drawing on his own extensive fieldwork and ranging over the most
diverse ethnographic data, Godelier substantiates his case by
attending to the analysis of both social relations of production
and the production of social relations. In a sustained challenge to
currently dominant schemas, he offers a series of highly original
theses on the constitution, reproduction and transformation of
societies, recasting the distinction between infrastructure and
superstructures, illuminating the relations between economic
determination and political/ideological dominance, and clarifying
the character of ideology and its central role in the perpetuation
of dominance and exploitation.
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