Most of the world s redundant ships are scrapped on the beaches
of the Indian sub-continent, largely by hand. As well as cargo
residues and wastes, ships contain high levels of hazardous
materials that are released into the surrounding ecology when
scrapped. The scrapping process is labour-intensive and largely
manual; injuries and death are commonplace.
Ship breaking was a relatively obscure industry until the late
1990s. In just 12 years, action by environmental NGOs has led to
the ratification of an international treaty targeting the extensive
harm to human and environmental health arising from this heavy,
polluting industry; it has also produced important case law.
Attempts to regulate the industry via the "Basel Convention"
have resulted in a strong polarization of opinion as to its
applicability and various international guidelines have also failed
because of their voluntary nature. The adoption of the "Hong Kong
Convention" in 2009 was a serious attempt to introduce
international controls to this industry."
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