In late nineteenth-century Mexico the Mexican populace was
fascinated with the country's booming railroad network. Newspapers
and periodicals were filled with art, poetry, literature, and
social commentaries exploring the symbolic power of the railroad.
As a symbol of economic, political, and industrial modernization,
the locomotive served to demarcate a nation's status in the world.
However, the dangers of locomotive travel, complicated by the fact
that Mexico's railroads were foreign owned and operated, meant that
the railroad could also symbolize disorder, death, and foreign
domination.
In "The Civilizing Machine" Michael Matthews explores the
ideological and cultural milieu that shaped the Mexican people's
understanding of technology. Intrinsically tied to the Porfiriato,
the thirty-five-year dictatorship of Gen. Porfirio Diaz, the
booming railroad network represented material progress in a country
seeking its place in the modern world. Matthews discloses how the
railroad's development represented the crowning achievement of the
regime and the material incarnation of its mantra, "order and
progress." The Porfirian administration evoked the railroad in
legitimizing and justifying its own reign, while political
opponents employed the same rhetorical themes embodied by the
railroads to challenge the manner in which that regime achieved
economic development and modernization. As Matthews illustrates,
the multiple symbols of the locomotive reflected deepening social
divisions and foreshadowed the conflicts that eventually brought
about the Mexican Revolution.
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