This book reconsiders the dominant Western understandings of
freedom through the lens of women's real-life experiences of
domestic violence, welfare, and Islamic veiling. Nancy Hirschmann
argues that the typical approach to freedom found in political
philosophy severely reduces the concept's complexity, which is more
fully revealed by taking such practical issues into account.
Hirschmann begins by arguing that the dominant Western
understanding of freedom does not provide a conceptual vocabulary
for accurately characterizing women's experiences. Often, free
choice is assumed when women are in fact coerced--as when a
battered woman who stays with her abuser out of fear or economic
necessity is said to make this choice because it must not be so
bad--and coercion is assumed when free choices are made--such as
when Westerners assume that all veiled women are oppressed, even
though many Islamic women view veiling as an important symbol of
cultural identity.
Understanding the contexts in which choices arise and are made
is central to understanding that freedom is socially constructed
through systems of power such as patriarchy, capitalism, and race
privilege. Social norms, practices, and language set the conditions
within which choices are made, determine what options are
available, and shape our individual subjectivity, desires, and
self-understandings. Attending to the ways in which contexts
construct us as "subjects" of liberty, Hirschmann argues, provides
a firmer empirical and theoretical footing for understanding what
freedom means and entails politically, intellectually, and
socially.
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