How to evaluate compliance is among the most difficult questions
that arise during treaty negotiations and ratification debates.
Arguments over verification principles and procedures are
increasingly common for accords about the environment, human
rights, and economics, but they have been especially important in
the arena of national security. Nancy Gallagher explains, "In a
world in which states face conflicting pressures to maximize
military capabilities and negotiate mutual restraints, the
prospects for arms control often hinge on verification... In the
standard American formulation, verification is the 'critical
element of arms control.'"
In "The Politics of Verification," Gallagher explores the causes
of verification controversies and the processes through which they
are perpetuated or provisionally resolved. By examining nuclear
test ban negotiations from the Eisenhower through the Clinton
administrations, Gallagher finds that the assumptions about
verification that have dominated U.S. policy shape domestic debates
in ways that hinder stable agreement on significant test
restrictions. She focuses on the dynamic interconnections between
domestic and international politics, and analyzes the slow process
of coalition building when conflicting interests and ideas create
divisions both among and inside states.
Gallagher concludes that the end of the Cold War has altered the
arms control context without resolving basic questions about the
appropriate amount and type of verification. Thus, the negotiation
and ratification of major cooperative accords will continue to be
shaped by verification compromises and coalitions.
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