aCahn explores the relationships that underpin artificial
reproductive technology: parenting, donating, and becoming (those
who are the children brought to life through this process). . . .
Much about assisted reproduction are the relationships that are
fostered and challenged by the use of the technology, whether donor
to potential parent, potential parent to state, surrogate to
intended mother, or embryo to clinic, and after it is all adone, a
child to parent.a
--Michele Goodwin, author of "Black Markets: The Supply and Demand
of Body Parts"
The birth of the first test tube baby in 1978 focused attention
on the sweeping advances in assisted reproductive technology (ART),
which is now a multi-billion-dollar business in the United States.
Sperm and eggs are bought and sold in a market that has few
barriersto its skyrocketing growth. While ART has been an
invaluable gift to thousands of people, creating new families, the
use of someone elseas genetic material raises complex legal and
public policy issues that touch on technological anxiety, eugenics,
reproductive autonomy, identity, and family structure. How should
the use of gametic material be regulated? Should recipients be able
to choose the abesta sperm and eggs? Should a child ever be able to
discover the identity of her gamete donor? Who can claim parental
rights?
Naomi R. Cahn explores these issues and many more in Test Tube
Families, noting that although such questions are fundamental to
the new reproductive technologies, there are few definitive answers
provided by the law, ethics, or cultural norms. The regulatory void
outside of minimal requirements for gametic testing and limited
protection against deceptivemarketing techniques used by fertility
clinics creates thorny problems for all involved in the egg and
sperm business.
As a new generation of adonor kidsa comes of age, Test Tube
Families calls for better regulation of ART. It exhorts legal and
policy-making communities to cease applying piecemeal laws and
instead create laws that sustain the fertility industry, yet
protect the interests of donors, recipients, and the children that
result from successful transfers.
Incorporating real-life stories to illustrate her arguments,
Cahn provides specific suggestions for legal reforms. The book sets
out a series of controversial proposals, including an end to donor
anonymity and a plea for states to clarify parentage decisions. She
also calls for the federal government to regulate ART processes to
ensure that donors are adequately protected against exploitation,
that recipients receive the gametes they have been promised, and
that the market functions ethically as well as efficiently.
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