The AWACS debate represents one of the most critical and
controversial events in the history of American diplomacy and
legislative politics. It locked the Reagan administration and
opponents of the AWACS sale in a fierce and pitched battle over
American policy in the most economically and strategically vital
region in the world: the Middle East.
Accordingly, Laham finds there are at least five political
lessons to be drawn from the debate. First, contrary to the
arguments of its critics in Congress, the pro-Israel lobby does not
control American policy in the Middle East. Second, the Senate
tends to defer to the authority of the president on matters of
foreign policy and national security. Third, while remaining a
passive president overall, Reagan was among the most active of
chief executives on issues involving the economy and national
security. Fourth, given the enormous contribution the AWACS sale
made to the vital economic and national security interests of the
United States, Reagan's masterful handling of this politically
explosive issue provides evidence that he displayed attributes of
presidential greatness, but much further study of the other major
foreign and domestic policy issues Reagan confronted during his
tenure in office will be required before any definitve judgment can
be rendered concerning where he stands in the ranking of America's
42 presidents. Fifth, the AWACS debate shows that the United States
need not sacrifice its special relationship with Israel in order to
forge stronger ties with Saudi Arabia. This analysis will be of
particular interest to scholars, students, and policy makers
involved with national security issues, presidential politics,
interest groups, and Middle East studies.
General
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