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Books > Social sciences > Sociology, social studies > Population & demography
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Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications (Paperback, 1st ed. 2019)
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Convergence to Very Low Fertility in East Asia: Processes, Causes, and Implications (Paperback, 1st ed. 2019)
Series: Population Studies of Japan
Expected to ship within 10 - 15 working days
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This book examines the trends, underlying factors, and policy
implications of fertility declines in three East Asian countries:
Japan, South Korea, and China. In contrast to Western countries
that have also experienced fertility declines to below-replacement
levels, fertility decline in these East Asian countries is most
notable in its rapidity and sheer magnitude. After a rapid decline
shortly after the war, in which fertility was halved in one decade
from 4.5 children per woman in 1947 to 2.1 in 1957, Japan's
fertility started to decline to below-replacement levels in the
mid-1970s, reaching 1.3 per woman in the early 2000s. Korea
experienced one of the most spectacular declines ever recorded,
with fertility falling continuously from very high (6.0 per woman)
to a below-replacement level (1.6 per woman) between the early
1960s and mid-1980s, reaching 1.1 per woman in 2005. Similarly,
after a dramatic decline from very high to low levels in one decade
from the early 1970s to early 1980s, China's fertility reached
around 1.5 per woman by 2005. Despite differences in timing, tempo,
and scale of fertility declines, dramatic fertility reductions have
resulted in extremely rapid population aging and foreshadow a
long-term population decline in all three countries. This monograph
provides a systematic comparison of fertility transitions in these
East Asian countries and discusses the economic, social, and
cultural factors that may account for their similarities and
differences. After an overview of cultural backgrounds, economic
transformations, and the evolution of policies, the trends and age
patterns of fertility are examined. The authors then investigate
changes in women's marriage and childbearing within marriage, the
two major direct determinants of fertility, followed by an analysis
of the social and economic factors underlying fertility and
nuptiality changes, such as education, women's employment, and
gender relations at home.
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