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Health Care and Poor Relief in 18th and 19th Century Southern Europe (Hardcover, New Ed)
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Health Care and Poor Relief in 18th and 19th Century Southern Europe (Hardcover, New Ed)
Series: The History of Medicine in Context
Expected to ship within 12 - 19 working days
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The poor and the sick-poor have always presented a problem to the
governments and churches of Europe. Whose responsibility are they?
Are they a wilful burden on the honest working population, or are
they a necessary presence for the true Christian to live the true
Christian life? In the 18th and 19th centuries what happened to the
poor and the sick-poor in the north and south of Europe was
different. In the north there occurred first the Reformation in the
16th century, which changed attitudes to the poor, and then the
advent of industrialisation, with its far-reaching effects of
pauperisation of people both in town and countryside. In the
Catholic south, where industrialisation did not appear so soon, the
Catholic Church introduced a programme of reform at all levels but
along traditional lines. This included the founding of new orders
dedicated to the care of the poor and sick, of new institutions
within which to house and care for them. At all times it was taken
for granted that it was a necessary aspect of being a Christian
that one should give for the care of the needy, and that this was
not the duty of the state or of secular institutions. The
secularising movement did however reach the southern countries by
way both of the Enlightenment and - more drastically - in the form
of the Napoleonic invasions. But after the defeat of Napoleon, the
Church reasserted its right to administer and control the support
of the poor and sick, and this situation continued until 1900 in
most areas. Moreover the effects of industrialisation and the
concomitant increase in population did make itself felt in the
south in the course of the 19th century, which put great stress on
the institutions for poor relief and health care for the poor. All
this is still relevant today, since the situations that governments
and the Catholic Church found themselves confronted with, and the
stark choices they had to make, are being replayed to some extent
today. Who is responsible for the poor, who is to blame for their
being poor? How should their poverty be relieved, how should the
health care of the many be funded? These are still live issues
today. While complete in itself the present volume also forms the
fourth and last of a four-volume survey of health care and poor
relief in Europe between 1500 and 1900, edited by Ole Peter Grell
and Andrew Cunningham
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