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Punishment and Social Structure (Hardcover)
Loot Price: R4,437
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Punishment and Social Structure (Hardcover)
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Why are certain methods of punishment adopted or rejected in a
given social situation? To what extent is the development of penal
methods determined by basic social relations? The answers to these
questions are complex, and go well beyond the thesis that
institutionalized punishment is simply for the protection of
society. While today's punishment of offenders often incorporates
aspects of psychology, psychiatry, and sociology, at one time there
was a more pronounced difference in criminal punishment based on
class and economics. Punishment and Social Structure originated
from an article written by Georg Rusche in 1933 entitled "Labor
Market and Penal Sanction: Thoughts on the Sociology of Criminal
Justice." Originally published in Germany by the Frankfurt
Institute of Social Research, this article became the germ of a
theory of criminology that laid the groundwork for all subsequent
research in this area. Rusche and Kirchheimer look at crime from an
historical perspective, and correlate methods of punishment with
both temporal cultural values and economic conditions. The authors
classify the history of crime into three primary eras: the early
Middle Ages, in which penance and fines were the predominant modes
of punishment; the later Middle Ages, in which harsh corporal
punishment and capital punishment moved to the forefront; and the
seventeenth century, in which the prison system was more fully
developed. They also discuss more recent forms of penal practice,
most notably under the constraints of a fascist state.The majority
of the book was translated from German into English, and then
reshaped by Rusche's co-author, Otto Kirchheimer, with whom Rusche
actually had little discussion. While the main body of Punishment
and Social Structure are Rusche's ideas, Kirchheimer was
responsible for bringing the book more up-to-date to include the
Nazi and fascist era. Punishment and Social Structure is a
pioneering work that sets a paradigm for the study of crime and
punishment.
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