One of the most wide-ranging studies of prejudice undertaken in
a decade, "The Outsider" combines new research methods and rich
analysis to upend many of our assumptions about prejudice. Noting
that hostility toward immigrants has been on the rise throughout
Western Europe, Paul Sniderman and his team conduct the first study
of prejudice in Italy and offer insights applicable to nearly all
countries worldwide. The study of prejudice, they argue, has been
both stimulated and limited by tensions among partial theories.
Prejudice and group conflict are said to be rooted in the
psychological makeup of individuals, or alternatively, to spring
from real competition over material goods or social status, or yet
again, to follow in the wake of a quest for identity. It is the
distinctive effort of "The Outsider" to develop a unified theory of
prejudice integrating personality, realistic conflict, and social
identity approaches.
Drawing on computer-assisted interviewing, this book focuses on
Italy partly because it has experienced two different waves of
immigration, from Northern Africa and Eastern Europe, and thus
allows one to consider to what extent the color of immigrants' skin
imposes a special burden of prejudice. Italy is also an apt site
for the study of intolerance because of long-standing prejudices
that have existed internally, between Northern and Southern
Italians. The book's findings show that any point of
difference--color, nationality, or language--marks the immigrant as
an outsider. The fact of difference, not the particular mode of
difference, is crucial. Moreover, the general election of 1994
provided a rare opportunity to investigate the political impact of
prejudice when the party system was itself in the process of
transformation. The authors uncover a potential line of cleavage:
rather than prejudice being concentrated on the political right, it
has a wide following among the less educated of the political
left.
Analyzing the contributions of personality, social-structural
factors, and political orientation to the wave of intolerance
toward immigrants, "The Outsider" offers unprecedented insights
into the phenomenon of prejudice and its link to politics.
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