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Approaches to the Development of Moral Reasoning (Paperback)
Loot Price: R1,563
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Approaches to the Development of Moral Reasoning (Paperback)
Series: Essays in Developmental Psychology
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The first part of the book offers a survey of current approaches to
the development of moral reasoning: those of Freud, ego psychology,
Piaget and Kohlberg. The approach of Kohlberg has been popular
because he was able to give an impressive account of findings from
the key method of interviews, the other crucial method being
naturalistic observation of moral discourse. The accounts of
interview evidence given by ego psychology and Piaget were less
comprehensive and less impressive. Naturalistic studies have either
been impressionistic or less detailed in their methods of analysis.
The second part of the book argues that the impressive nature of
Kohlberg's later evidence for his view that moral reasoning passes
through a sequence of stages is in part illusory, because his
theory predicts that specific types of reply will show specific
developmental patterns. However, as data are always reported in
terms of stages, which amalgamate very disparate types of reply, it
is impossible to know whether the specific types of reply follow
their predicted developmental courses or not. Reasons given for
assigning given types of reply to a stage are also often doubtful.
This leads to discussion of studies that have reported findings in
terms of specific types of reply (weakly interpretive methods), as
opposed to Kohlberg's stage-based and strongly interpretive
methods. Findings from these disconfirm Kohlberg's theory at
several crucial points. The second and third parts of the book also
examine findings from non-Kohlbergian interviews and other methods,
again advocating that weakly interpretive and largely descriptive
presentation of findings is preferable to strongly interpretive
techniques. It is argued that a wide variety of mechanisms
suggested by the theories outlined in the first part of the book,
as well as others drawn from general theories of personality
development, are able to explain existing descriptive developmental
findings. The task for the future is to assess the relative
importance of these mechanisms.
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