Pension systems in most industrialised countries are unfunded, i.e.
they are pay-as-you-go financed and thus depend on a well-balanced
ratio (old) recipients to (young) contributors. This so-called
dependency ratio will worsen significantly in the next few decades
due to two developments: ageing of the population and increased
labour mobility.
This book analyses the viability of unfunded pension systems in the
presence of the projected demographic evolution. The analysis
focuses on questions concerning
a) efficiency considerations and the possibility of welfare
improvements;
b) political economy aspects and the feasibility of reforms;
c) the process of European integration and its influence on
national pension systems.
The theoretical analysis is complemented in numerous ways by
quantitative parts and institutional details. The consequences of
the demographic crisis for the distribution of the pension burden
within and across generations and in an international context are
illustrated with respect to the specific situation in Germany and
other European countries.
It is shown for different settings of political power distribution
and for different degrees of mobility what would happen without any
reforms and what could and should be done to guarantee the survival
of old-age security based on a fair sharing of the pension burden.
Neither explosion nor erosion is the inevitable fate of unfunded
pension systems. But to avoid either happening, fundamental reforms
are necessary as soon as possible which loosen at least partially
the intergenerational dependencies and thus reduce the pressure
from the changing population structure on old-age security.
General
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