In "Crossing Borders, Claiming a Nation," Sandra McGee Deutsch
brings to light the powerful presence and influence of Jewish women
in Argentina. The country has the largest Jewish community in Latin
America and the third largest in the Western Hemisphere as a result
of large-scale migration of Jewish people from European and
Mediterranean countries from the 1880s through the Second World
War. During this period, Argentina experienced multiple waves of
political and cultural change, including liberalism,
"nacionalismo," and Peronism. Although Argentine liberalism
stressed universal secular education, immigration, and individual
mobility and freedom, women were denied basic citizenship rights,
and sometimes Jews were cast as outsiders, especially during the
era of right-wing "nacionalismo." Deutsch's research fills a gap by
revealing the ways that Argentine Jewish women negotiated their own
plural identities and in the process participated in and
contributed to Argentina's liberal project to create a more just
society.
Drawing on extensive archival research and original oral
histories, Deutsch tells the stories of individual women, relating
their sentiments and experiences as both insiders and outsiders to
state formation, transnationalism, and cultural, political, ethnic,
and gender borders in Argentine history. As agricultural pioneers
and film stars, human rights activists and teachers, mothers and
doctors, Argentine Jewish women led wide-ranging and multifaceted
lives. Their community involvement--including building libraries
and secular schools, and opposing global fascism in the 1930s and
1940s--directly contributed to the cultural and political lifeblood
of a changing Argentina. Despite their marginalization as members
of an ethnic minority and as women, Argentine Jewish women formed
communal bonds, carved out their own place in society, and
ultimately shaped Argentina's changing pluralistic culture through
their creativity and work.
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