When two phase coherent laser beams are crossed at an angle, the
electric fields of the beams produce a sinusoidal interference
pattern. Partial absorption of the electric fields in a colloidal
sample creates a sinusoidal temperature field. The temperature
gradient then causes production of concentration gradient in the
sample, known as the Ludwig-Soret effect or thermal diffusion.
Solutions to nonlinear partial differential equations that describe
the effect show that shock waves analogous to fluid shock waves are
produced. A mathematical relation between the shock speed and the
density fraction of one component, analogous to the well-known
Rankine-Hugoniot equations, is derived. Self-diffraction and
imaging experiments show shock-like behavior in colloidal systems
governed by the thermal diffusion.
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