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Austenitic Steels at Low Temperatures (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1983)
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Austenitic Steels at Low Temperatures (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 1983)
Series: Cryogenic Materials Series
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The need for alternate energy sources has led to the develop ment
of prototype fusion and MHD reactors. Both possible energy systems
in current designs usually require the use of magnetic fields for
plasma confinement and concentration. For the creation and
maintenance of large 5 to 15 tesla magnetic fields, supercon
ducting magnets appear more economical. But the high magnetic
fields create large forces, and the complexities of the conceptual
reactors create severe space restrictions. The combination of re
quirements, plus the desire to keep construction costs at a mini
mum, has created a need for stronger structural alloys for service
at liquid helium temperature (4 K). The complexity of the required
structures requires that these alloys be weldable. Furthermore,
since the plasma is influenced by magnetic fields and since magnet
ic forces from the use of ferromagnetic materials in many configur
ations may be additive, the best structural alloy for most applica
tions should be nonmagnetic. These requirements have led to
consideration of higher strength austenitic steels. Strength
increases at low temperatures are achieved by the addition of
nitrogen. The stability of the austenitic structure is retained by
adding manganese instead of nickel, which is more expensive.
Research to develop these higher strength austenitic steels is in
process, primarily in Japan and the United States."
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