This groundbreaking monograph offers a mechanistic theory of the
representation and use of semantic knowledge, integrating the
strengths and overcoming many of the weaknesses of hierarchical,
categorization-based approaches, similarity-based approaches, and
the approach often called "theory theory." Building on earlier
models by Geoffrey Hinton in the 1980s and David Rumelhart in the
early 1990s, the authors propose that performance in semantic tasks
arises through the propagation of graded signals in a system of
interconnected processing units. The representations used in
performing these tasks are patterns of activation across units,
governed by weighted connections among them. Semantic knowledge is
acquired through the gradual adjustment of the strengths of these
connections in the course of day-to-day experience.The authors show
how a simple computational model proposed by Rumelhart exhibits a
progressive differentiation of conceptual knowledge, paralleling
aspects of cognitive development seen in the work of Frank Keil and
Jean Mandler. The authors extend the model to address aspects of
conceptual knowledge acquisition in infancy, disintegration of
conceptual knowledge in dementia, "basic-level" effects and their
interaction with expertise, and many findings introduced to support
the idea that semantic cognition is guided by naive,
domain-specific theories.
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