In the 1980s, a nationwide reform movement sprang up in
opposition to "tracking," the controversial practice of schools
grouping students by ability and organizing curriculum by level of
difficulty. Officials in two states, Massachusetts and California,
adopted policies urging middle schools to reduce or abandon
tracking. In this book, Tom Loveless describes how schools reacted
to these recommendations and discusses why some schools went along
with detracking while others bitterly resisted the reform. Loveless
explains that the state policies were adopted without strict
mandates, financial incentives, legal threats, or new bureaucratic
structures. They were also adopted without convincing evidence that
detracking brings lasting benefits to students. But advocates
framed tracking reform as a policy supporting greater educational
equity. In response, urban schools, low-achieving schools, and
schools serving disadvantaged children have reacted sympathetically
to the reform. Suburban schools, high-achieving schools, and
schools serving wealthier families have been less willing to
detrack. Drawing on extensive survey and case study data, Loveless
concludes that this reform's fate is in the hands of local
decisionmakers. Schools formulate tracking policy based on their
own institutional, organizational, political, and technical
considerations. All school reform entails risks. One troubling
implication of this study is that the risks of detracking are being
assumed by schools with some of society's most vulnerable
youngsters.
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