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Shifting Paradigms in Public Health - From Holism to Individualism (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2013)
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Shifting Paradigms in Public Health - From Holism to Individualism (Paperback, Softcover reprint of the original 1st ed. 2013)
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This transdisciplinary volume outlines the development of public
health paradigms across the ages in a global context and argues
that public health has seemingly lost its raison d'etre, that is, a
population perspective. The older, philosophical approach in public
health involved a holistic, population-based understanding that
emphasized historicity and interrelatedness to study health and
disease in their larger socio-economic and political moorings. A
newer tradition, which developed in the late 19th century following
the acceptance of the germ theory in medicine, created positivist
transitions in epidemiology. In the form of risk factors, a
reductionist model of health and disease became pervasive in
clinical and molecular epidemiology. The author shows how
positivism and the concept of individualism removed from public
health thinking the consideration of historical, social and
economic influences that shape disease occurrence and the
interventions chosen for a population. He states that the neglect
of the multifactorial approach in contemporary public health
thought has led to growing health inequalities in both the
developed and the developing world. He further suggests that the
concept of 'social capital' in public health, which is being hailed
as a resurgence of holism, is in reality a sophisticated and
extended version of individualism. The author presents the negative
public policy consequences and implications of adopting
methodological individualism through a discussion on AIDS policies.
The book strongly argues for a holistic understanding and the
incorporation of a rights perspective in public health to bring
elements of social justice and fairness in policy formulations.
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