Engineering materials are mainly used for structures. Therefore
high-strength, stiffness and sufficient toughness are of prime
importance. For a long time engineers thought first in terms of
metals. Ma terial scientists developed alloys tailored to the needs
of in dustry. Ceramics are known to be brittle and therefore not
suitable in the first place for structural application under
stress. Polymers with their low modulus became attractive when rein
forced with high-strength fibres. Composites processed by poly mer,
metal or ceramic matrices and high-strength reinforcements have
been introduced into many sectors of industry. Engineering
materials for structural applications fulfil a function: they
withstand high stresses, temperatures, fatigue, creep etc. But
usually we do not call them functional materials. Functional
material serve applications apart from classical engineering
fields. Electricity conducting materials, semi conductors, memory
alloys and others are called functional materials. Both categories
of materials structural and functional - cover the aspects of the
DLR-Seminar 1991 on "Advanced structural and functional materials."
in research and The seminar is focused on advanced materials
development or at the edge of being introduced into the market.
dual character: Preference was given to materials with a structural
and functional, some of them more structural, some more functional
in their potential. It was necessary to select typical and
representative families of during the years by R + D activities
somewhat matured mate rials. It was not intended to cover all
possible innovations in a two half-days seminar."
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