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Describes the physical processes leading to the Kelvin-Helmholtz
instability as a primary cause of clear air turbulence (CAT).
Provides a thorough description of the several factors that
increase the CAT probability. Covers in a comprehensive manner all
the topics ranging from the discovery of CAT during World War II to
modern techniques to observe and predict conditions conducive to
CAT formation. Touches on the great variety of proposed CAT
detection methods along with their performance and limitations.
Suitable for a wide range of readers in physics, geo-engineering,
meteorology, aerodynamics as well as in mechanical, aeronautical
and manufacturing engineering interested in the phenomenon of CAT,
its detection and its effect on aviation hazard.
Time Series Analysis in Seismology: Practical Applications provides
technical assistance and coverage of available methods to
professionals working in the field of seismology. Beginning with a
thorough review of open problems in geophysics, including tectonic
plate dynamics, localization of solitons, and forecasting, the book
goes on to describe the various types of time series or punctual
processes obtained from those systems. Additionally, the book
describes a variety of methods and techniques relating to
seismology and includes a discussion of future developments and
improvements. Time Series Analysis in Seismology offers a concise
presentation of the most recent advances in the analysis of
geophysical data, particularly with regard to seismology, making it
a valuable tool for researchers and students working in seismology
and geophysics.
This collection features four peer-reviewed reviews on viral
diseases affecting pigs. The first chapter summarises recent
research on the causes and epidemiology of major bacteria, viruses
and parasites found in pig production, focussing on those with a
particular impact on safety and global production, such as African
swine fever, Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome (PRRS)
and Porcine Epidemic Diarrhoea (PED). The second chapter reviews
advances in understanding mechanisms of porcine viral disease
transmission and pathogenesis. The chapter concludes with commonly
used measures for prevention and control of viral diseases of pigs,
emphasizing the importance of the vaccination programs as
cornerstone of swine health programs. The third chapter discusses
our current understanding of the mechanisms of resistance to the
major respiratory diseases affecting pigs, including PRRS. The
chapter considers the use of marker-selection and genetic
modification as mechanisms to prevent the infection of PRRS and
reduce its impact on swine health. The final chapter considers the
transmission, clinical presentation, evolution and spread of two
major diseases affecting swine production - PRRS and PED. The
chapter reviews the impact of each virus on a global scale, as well
as its impact on swine production in the United Kingdom.
Whilst it can mean enhanced biosecurity, intensive and globalised
pig production (based on a narrowing genetic base) also potentially
increases the risk of disease and its spread. It has been estimated
that diseases can lower pig production efficiency by 10-15%, though
financial losses can be much greater. Optimising pig herd health
and production highlights the need to develop more preventative
measures that can be implemented to tackle the increasing threat of
disease. The book addresses recent developments in disease
prevention, focussing on how farmers and producers can utilise feed
management and housing to optimise pig health, as well as the role
of vaccine development in preventing the onset of endemic and
emerging diseases in pigs. Through highlighting the importance of
understanding and identifying disease, the book showcases how our
understanding of the mechanisms of transmission for some of the key
porcine viral and bacterial diseases can be applied to optimise pig
herd health and production.
This collection features four peer-reviewed literature reviews on
bacterial diseases affecting pigs. The first chapter summarises
recent research on the causes and epidemiology of major bacteria,
viruses and parasites found in pig production, focussing on those
with a particular impact on safety and global production, such as
Escherichia coli (E. coli), Salmonella typhimurium and African
swine fever virus. The second chapter discusses classical
phenotypic characteristics and more advanced molecular techniques
to identify and classify bacterial pathogens affecting swine health
and performance. The chapter explores the different modes of
transmission, as well as the commonly used measures for prevention
and control, including vaccinations. The third chapter reviews the
development of dysbiosis and post-weaning diarrhoea (PWD) in
piglets and the consequent economic losses these diseases cause for
the global pig industry. The chapter considers the role of animal
nutrition and dietary strategies to optimise gut function as a
means of preventing dysbiosis and PWD. The final chapter assesses
methods of improving gut function in pigs to optimise health and
prevent pathogen colonization. The chapter discusses research on
genes associated with pathogen resistance and porcine immune
response and reviews the role of dietary and nutritional strategies
in preventing intestinal pathogen colonisation.
'...individual chapters provide very thorough, up-to-date reviews
of health and welfare of pigs during different stages of
production...The health section does a good job of summarizing the
current major disease challenges facing pig production...If you
want up-to-date reviews on some of the most pressing welfare issues
in different stages of production, there are some good chapters
included.' Animal Welfare Pig meat is the most widely-consumed meat
in the world. Previous growth in production has relied, in part, on
more intensive systems. In meeting rising demand, these systems
face challenges such as the ongoing threat of zoonotic diseases,
the need to improve feed efficiency in the face of rising costs,
the need to reduce the environmental impact of pig production and
increasing concerns about animal welfare. This volume looks at
animal health and welfare. Part 1 reviews the main diseases
affecting pigs as well as ways of managing diseases and boosting
pig immune function. Part 2 reviews what we know about pig
behaviour and appropriate welfare standards. It also assesses the
welfare of different groups of pigs, from gilts and sows to weaned
piglets and finishing pigs, as well as transport, lairage and
slaughter. With its distinguished editor and international team of
expert authors, this will be a standard reference for researchers
in swine science, producers, government and other organisations
involved in supporting pig production. It is accompanied by two
companion volumes which focus on safety, quality and sustainability
as well as animal breeding and nutrition.
El Analisis Espectral Singular (AES) es una tecnica no parametrica
de reciente desarrollo para analizar series de tiempo. En esencia,
el AES es un analisis de componentes principales en el dominio del
tiempo de una serie de tiempo. El objetivo principal de esta
tecnica es extraer informacion de la dinamica de una serie de
tiempo mediante su descomposicion en una suma de componentes
interpretables; por ejemplo, tendencia, estacionalidad, componentes
oscilatorios y ruido blanco. Una vez que se han identificado los
componentes se prosigue con el pronostico. El AES tambien permite
analizar series de tiempo cuando se tienen datos perdidos. El AES
se generaliza a varias series de tiempo, siempre y cuando estas
tengan componentes similares. Este libro ofrece una revision
detallada del AES y se aplica al analisis de temperaturas maximas
registradas en cinco estaciones meteorologicas localizadas en el
estado de Veracruz, Mexico. El analisis permitio identificar
tendencia y estacionariedad en dichas series. El pronostico se hizo
a dos anos."
La Citogenetica, a partir de sus avances en las ultimas decadas se
ha constituido en una herramienta util, ya sea en el diagnostico de
varias enfermedades de tipo genetico, sino tambien como metodo de
visualizacion del genoma como un todo, lo cual permite saber cual
es el estado de la estructura genetica de una especie o especies, y
la relacion entre ellas. La familia Felidae es reconocida por ser
una de las mas uniformes cromosomicamente. De esta, la mayoria de
los felinos suramericanos son los que mayores variables presentan.
Por otro lado, las altas presiones tanto humanas como naturales han
aislado varias poblaciones de felinos, poniendolas en riesgo de
extincion, lo cual, adicionalmente generaria una mayor
diferenciacion interespecifica. Por esta razon es necesario planear
y ejecutar estrategias de conservacion y la citogenetica es un
elemento indispensable para la toma de decisiones al respecto."
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