The conceptual uncertainty when dealing with processes of integration and disintegration in Europe is striking because traditional notions of the nation-state, constitutionalism, sovereignty, and federalism do not account for emerging realities in either Western or Eastern Europe. This volume explores the complex inter-relationship between federal arrangements and their effects on integrating multi-ethnic societies in Europe, and takes stock of current debates on the effects of federalism on integration and disintegration in Eastern and Western Europe. For the first time federalism is addressed in a pan-European context and an attempt is made to look for remedies to overcome nationalism in both East and West within a federalist institutional framework.

The conceptual uncertainty when dealing with processes of integration and disintegration in Europe is striking because traditional notions of the nation-state, constitutionalism, sovereignty, and federalism do not account for emerging realities in either Western or Eastern Europe. This volume explores the complex inter-relationship between federal arrangements and their effects on integrating multi-ethnic societies in Europe, and takes stock of current debates on the effects of federalism on integration and disintegration in Eastern and Western Europe. For the first time federalism is addressed in a pan-European context and an attempt is made to look for remedies to overcome nationalism in both East and West within a federalist institutional framework.

`This is a very valuable book! It collects symposium papers that analyze key issues and important developments in global competition law today. It explores methodological foundations, including the roles of economics, and recent experiences in key countries (China, Japan, India and Eastern Europe). One section contains highly illuminating articles on private enforcement, criminalization of competition law, the role of globalization and the process of competition law change. All of the articles are valuable, and many are outstanding.' - David J. Gerber, Chicago-Kent College of Law, US Competition law has changed substantially since 1990. The worldwide tendency toward market-based economic systems has induced many countries to adopt competition rules. This innovative book discusses the global character of competition law focusing on three interrelated perspectives; firstly, the impact of economics on competition policy; secondly, the competition law experience in selected countries (USA, EU, Japan, India, China, Brazil, transition countries) and how the law has adapted to the political, economic, geographic and cultural environment; and thirdly, the process of internationalisation and convergence of competition law. This book will be an invaluable read for academics and postgraduate students in competition policy, economics of law and international business law, as well as for competition law practitioners in international firms.

The "Law of obligations" from Fikentscher (general and special section in a volume) had already reliably accompanied many generations of law and economics students into their exams. In the 10th edition, Wolfgang Fikentscher and Andreas Heinemann together provide for the first time the revision of the work. The new edition took into consideration particularly the radical changes, which were prompted by the law of obligations reform. The didactic objective of the work still remains to offer a thematically complete and systematic description of the entire law of obligations to students. With this, the work also looks at references to commercial and economic law, which are added by comparative law points of view. With the 10th edition, the standard work on the law of obligations is again updated. It considers legislation, administration of justice and literature up to Spring 2006.

The war in Ukraine has been fought with, among others, irregular armed groups since 2014--volunteers, paramilitaries, and mercenaries. Based on interviews in the Russian-controlled Donbas and with Ukrainian combatants, the contributions to this volume disclose various micro-dynamics of the mobilization, group formation, and fighting. Who were these fighters and who organized them? Russia has been increasingly employing mercenaries as a way to conduct undeclared, but ruthless wars beyond her borders. Ukraine's formation of irregular armed groups in 2014 was a response to the army's initially glaring inability to counter Russia's military intervention. Most of the irregular battalions acted from the beginning under governmental orders. They have never operated autonomously, but compensated for operational weaknesses of regular armed groups. The initially high power of irregular battalions derived from state support, the capabilities of commanders, social networks, and the faculties of the fighters.

In the debate on the enforcement of competition law, many take the view that Europe should avoid the traps US law has fallen into by admitting excessive litigation. European law should not pave the way for judicial proceedings which ultimately serve the interests of lawyers or other agents rather than injured parties. This inquiry describes the state of remedies in competition law in fifteen European countries, analyses the underlying determinants, and proposes ways of improving the enforcement of competition law. The International and European legal frameworks are presented, as is the approach of US-American law. It is argued that efforts to strengthen private enforcement of antitrust law should benefit from the rich European experience in unfair competition law. The divergence between the two fields of law is not so huge that a completely different treatment is justified. Thus, a specifically European way of competition law enforcement could be developed.

In the debate on the enforcement of competition law, many take the view that Europe should avoid the traps US law has fallen into by admitting excessive litigation. European law should not pave the way for judicial proceedings which ultimately serve the interests of lawyers or other agents rather than injured parties. This inquiry describes the state of remedies in competition law in fifteen European countries, analyses the underlying determinants, and proposes ways of improving the enforcement of competition law. The International and European legal frameworks are presented, as is the approach of US-American law. It is argued that efforts to strengthen private enforcement of antitrust law should benefit from the rich European experience in unfair competition law. The divergence between the two fields of law is not so huge that a completely different treatment is justified. Thus, a specifically European way of competition law enforcement could be developed.

This volume of exercises trains students in resolving civil rights cases. The methodology of processing civil rights cases is initially explained in abstract; then the application of specific cases follows. Great importance is placed on practical orientation, namely on appropriately analyzing the facts, delineating personal relationships, construction of the basis for claim, placing emphasis as well as phrasing in the style of an expert. The example cases lead through widely varying different areas of the BGB [German Civil Code], whereby the choice of case is set according to exam relevance.

With the increasing integration of wireless short-range communication technologies in mobile devices, novel applications for spontaneous communication, interaction and collaboration are possible. In this book, we distinguish between active and passive collaboration. The devices help users become aware of each other and stimulate face-to-face conversation (active collaboration). Also, autonomous device communication for sharing information without user interaction is possible, i.e., devices pass information to other devices in their vicinity (passive collaboration). Spontaneous communication of mobile devices leads to so-called opportunistic networks, a new and promising evolution in mobile ad-hoc networking. They are formed by mobile devices which communicate with each other while users are in close proximity. This book investigates opportunistic networks in their entirety. The proposed concepts comprise system components, a node architecture, a system model and a simple one-hop communication paradigm for opportunistic network applications. One focus of this book is a profile-based data dissemination mechanism. Readers of this book would include graduate students and postgraduate researchers in both academia and industry, who wish to gain a deeper knowledge of opportunistic networks, its underlying idea and its potential capabilities.

Diplomarbeit aus dem Jahr 2009 im Fachbereich BWL - Personal und Organisation, Note: 1,3, Universitat Potsdam (Lehrstuhl Organisation/Personal), Sprache: Deutsch, Abstract: Unternehmen agieren heute auf dynamischen Markten, die durch stetigen Fortschritt und strukturelle Veranderungen gekennzeichnet sind. Dabei werden Arbeitsgefuge flexibilisiert und die Beschaftigungssicherheit nimmt ab. (Vgl. Wittwer (o.A.), S.10) Uberdies werden die Aufgaben der Mitarbeiter komplexer und der Anpassungsdruck an neue Anforderungen wachst. Jugendliche, die heute ihre Ausbildung beginnen, werden dies im Laufe ihrer Berufsbiografie vermehrt erleben. (Vgl. Koch (2005), S. 91) Die Personalentwicklung steht damit vor komplexen Herausforderungen. Ihre Qualifizierungen sollen sowohl der Wettbewerbsfahigkeit des Unternehmens dienen, als auch die Mitarbeiter mit Qualifikationen versorgen, die ausserhalb des Unternehmens ebenfalls attraktiv sind. (Vgl. Becker(2004), Sp. 1505) Vor diesem Hintergrund stellt sich die Frage, an welchen Massstaben sich die Definition von Bildungszielen orientieren kann. Solche Richtmasse soll gegenwartig das Berufskonzept vorgeben, das in erster Linie die Bundelung von Qualifikationen umfasst. Diesem Prinzip folgt auch die berufliche Erstausbildung und vermittelt vorrangig fachliches Wissen, das jedoch in der gegenwartigen Arbeitswelt schnell veraltet oder durch andere Fahigkeiten erganzt werden muss. (Vgl. Kraus (2006), S. 265) Dieser fachliche Fokus bedarf daher einer Erganzung. Der starkenbasierte Ansatz, bei dem die Potenziale des Individuums zum Orientierungspunkt werden, konnte diese zusatzliche Komponente darstellen. Eine solche Ausrichtung der Personalentwicklung bietet dem Arbeitnehmer die Chance, seinen Werdegang basierend auf naturlichen Talenten und Starken zu gestalten. In Kombination mit Fachwissen ware die Grundlage geschaffen, um im aktuellen Arbeitsumfeld zu bestehen. Unternehmen stehen mithilfe der Starkenbasierung Mitarbeiter zur Verfugung,