Advances in Hydrology and Climate Change: Historical Trends and New Approaches in Water Resources Management highlights recent trends in the water sector that employ a variety of different innovative management and conservation approaches. The volume provides an informative overview of the issues and challenges in water resources affected by climate change conditions, such as drought, flooding, glacier changes, and overbuilt-up urban areas. Focusing on surface and groundwater related issues and sustainable solutions, the chapters present a variety of methods, including morphometric assessment, parameter estimation, long-term trend analysis, sustainability indexes, storm water management models (SWMM), entropy-based measurement of long-term precipitation, etc. The volume focuses on providing a better understanding of climatic uncertainty through hydrometeorological data sets and their application in hydrological modeling. These analyses help to serve as the basis for the design of flood-control and water-usage management policies. The chapters discuss climatic variability that depends on several factors, i.e., its erratic distribution, topography, seasonal variation, land-use change, anthropogenic activities, etc., demonstrating the overall interconnection between different parameters of hydrological cycles to design modeling approaches that include using soft-computing applications, remote sensing and GIS-based techniques, artificial neural networks, and more. This book will be a standard reference work for disciplines in water resources, soil and water engineering, engineering hydrology, groundwater hydrology, climate change, agrometeorology, agriculture, ecology and environmental science, leading to a way forward for strategy formulation for combating hydrology and climate change.

The Handbook of Membrane Separations: Chemical, Pharmaceutical, Food, and Biotechnological Applications, Second Edition provides detailed information on membrane separation technologies from an international team of experts. The handbook fills an important gap in the current literature by providing a comprehensive discussion of membrane applications in the chemical, food, pharmaceutical, and biotechnology industries as well as in the treatment of toxic industrial effluents. This revised second edition has been updated and expanded with discussions of new membrane products and processes and novel applications in engineering, life sciences, and energy conversion. It also includes new chapters in the field of membrane science and technology covering recent advances in RO and UF, ionic liquids, nanotechnology, roles of membrane in power generation, updates on fuel cells, new membrane extraction configuration, and other important topics. The handbook is equally suited for the newcomer to the field as it is for process engineers and research scientists (membranologists/membrane experts) who are interested in obtaining more advanced information about specific applications. It provides readers with a comprehensive and well-balanced overview of the present state of membrane science and technology.

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have attracted high interest over the last few decades in the wireless and mobile computing research community. Applications of WSNs are numerous and growing, including indoor deployment scenarios in the home and office to outdoor deployment in an adversary's territory in a tactical background. However, due to their distributed nature and deployment in remote areas, these networks are vulnerable to numerous security threats that can adversely affect their performance. This problem is more critical if the network is deployed for some mission-critical applications, such as in a tactical battlefield. Random failure of nodes is also very likely in real-life deployment scenarios. Due to resource constraints in the sensor nodes, a traditional security mechanism with high overhead of computation and communication is not feasible in WSNs. Design and implementation of secure WSNs is, therefore, a particularly challenging task. This book covers a comprehensive discussion on state-of-the-art security technologies for WSNs. It identifies various possible attacks at different layers of the communication protocol stack in a typical WSN and presents their possible countermeasures. A brief discussion on the future direction of research in WSN security is also included.

Intelligent Techniques for Cyber-Physical Systems covers challenges, opportunities, and open research directions for cyber-physical systems (CPS). It focuses on the design and development of machine learning and metaheuristics-enabled methods as well as blockchain for various challenges like security, resource management, computation offloading, trust management, and others in edge, fog, and cloud computing, Internet of Things (IoT), Internet of Everything (IoE) and smart cities. It also includes the design and analysis of deep learning-based models, sensing technologies, metaheuristics, and blockchain for complex real-life systems for CPS. Offers perspectives on the research directions in cyber-physical systems (CPS) Provides state-of-the-art reviews on intelligent techniques, machine learning, deep learning, and reinforcement learning-based models for cloud-enabled IoT environment Discusses intelligent techniques for complex real-life problems in different CPS scenarios Reviews advancements in blockchain technology and smart cities Explores machine learning-based intelligent models for combinatorial optimization problems The book is aimed at researchers and graduate students in computer science and engineering and electrical and electronics engineering.

This book examines the issues of urban governance and local democracy in South India. It is the first comprehensive volume that offers comparative frameworks on urban governance across all states in the region: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The book focuses on governance in small district-level cities and raises crucial questions such as the nature of urban planning, major outstanding issues for urban local governance, conditions of civic amenities such as drinking water and sanitation and problems of social capital in making urban governance work in these states. It emphasizes on both efficient urban governance and effective local democracy to meet the challenges of fast-paced urbanization in these states while presenting policy lessons from their urbanization processes. Rich in empirical data, this book will be useful to scholars and researchers of political studies, public administration, governance, public policy, development studies and urban studies, as well as practitioners and non-governmental organizations.

1. Blockchain and the Internet of Things 2. IoT for Wireless communication devices 3. Blockchain Technology for Advanced Communications 4. Blockchain in IoT: A Vital Transformation 5. Network Security using IoT and Blockchain Technologies

Algorithim (mathematics) helps in understanding the direct and indirect relationship of plants that exist within it and other environmental factors. This book helps to understand how yield is related to different growth parameters, how growth is influenced by different environmental phenomenon, how best the resources can be used for crop production, etc. The numerical examples in the book guide a student to coordinate the different parameters and understand the subject of Agronomy well. This book is divided into thirteen chapters and covers comprehensively the different agronomic aspects to understand the science of mathematical Agronomy to meet the current and future challenges related to cropping practices.

Provides the knowledge related to the theories and concepts of Industry 4.0 Focuses on the different types of manufacturing systems in Industry 4.0 along with associated design, and control strategies Concentrates on the operations in Industry 4.0 with particular focus on supply chain, logistics, risk management, and reverse engineering perspectives Offers basic concepts and applications on up to advanced topics feeding the goal that this handbook will be a single source to attain knowledge and explore future possibilities related to design techniques, methodologies, and operations Presents concepts with practical applications in the form of case studies added to each chapter for reader comprehension

This valuable reference book covers the application of marine resources like algae, fishes, and shrimp to address food challenges of the world. It compiles technological advancements in employing these resources for food and food supplements to enhance human health. The book includes chapters from international experts. The book discusses interesting topics like exploitation of marine wastes as nutraceuticals, cultivation, processing, and production of seafood and includes a section on other applications of marine organisms, such as the removal of pollutants from wastewater. This book is meant for graduate students and researchers in food science. It is also useful to experts in the food industry.

With the growing concern for the environment and the rising price of crude oil, there is increasing demand for non-petroleum-based polymers from renewable resources. Biopolymer films have been regarded as potential replacements for synthetic films in food packaging due to a strong marketing trend toward environmentally friendly materials. Biopolymer-based films and coatings display good barrier properties, flexibility, transparency, economic profitability, and environmental compatibility. Therefore, they have successfully been used for packaging various food products. Biopolymer-Based Films and Coatings: Trends and Challenges elaborates on the recent methods and ingredients for making biodegradable films and coatings, as well as the current requirements for food security and environmental issues. This book will also explore films and coatings prepared with essential oils, antimicrobial substances, and bioactive components that make this active packaging. Films and coating chapters will be explored based on biopolymers used to prepare films and coatings, i.e., carbohydrates, lipids, protein, etc. This book will provide a platform for researchers and industrialists for the basic and advanced concepts of films and coatings. Key Features: Provides a comprehensive analysis of recent findings on biopolymers (carbohydrate, protein, and lipid) based films and coatings Contains a wealth of new information on the properties, functionality, and applications of films and coatings Presents possible active and functional components and ingredients for developing films and coatings. Guides start-up researchers on where to start the latest research work in packaging It has been estimated that the global production of bioplastics is set to hike from ~2.11 in 2020 to ~2.87 million tonnes in 2025. Further, the demand for fresh, ready-to-eat, or semi-finished foods is increasing, and the need to maintain food safety and quality further exacerbates the challenges in the supply chain, especially with the globalization of food trade and the use of centralized processing facilities for food distribution. It is an urgent requirement to increase shelf life and reduce food product loss. Considering the great market demand for biodegradable material-based packaging systems, this book comes at an opportune time to enable researchers and food scientists to develop a suitable solution considering the sustainability and economic feasibility of the process.

This book elaborates fuzzy machine and deep learning models for single class mapping from multi-sensor, multi-temporal remote sensing images while handling mixed pixels and noise. It also covers the ways of pre-processing and spectral dimensionality reduction of temporal data. Further, it discusses the ‘individual sample as mean’ training approach to handle heterogeneity within a class. The appendix section of the book includes case studies such as mapping crop type, forest species, and stubble burnt paddy fields. Key features: Focuses on use of multi-sensor, multi-temporal data while handling spectral overlap between classes Discusses range of fuzzy/deep learning models capable to extract specific single class and separates noise Describes pre-processing while using spectral, textural, CBSI indices, and back scatter coefficient/Radar Vegetation Index (RVI) Discusses the role of training data to handle the heterogeneity within a class Supports multi-sensor and multi-temporal data processing through in-house SMIC software Includes case studies and practical applications for single class mapping This book is intended for graduate/postgraduate students, research scholars, and professionals working in environmental, geography, computer sciences, remote sensing, geoinformatics, forestry, agriculture, post-disaster, urban transition studies, and other related areas.

Energy Management: Conservation and Audit discusses the energy scenario, including energy conservation, management, and audit, along with the methodology supported by industrial examples. Energy economics of systems has been elaborated with concepts of life cycle assessment and costing, and rate of return. Topics such as energy storage, co-generation, and waste heat recovery to energy efficiency have discussed. The challenges faced in conserving energy sources (steam and electricity) have elaborated along with the improvements in the lighting sector. Further, it covers optimization procedures for the development in the industry related to energy conservation. The researchers, senior undergraduate, and graduate students focused on Energy Management, Sustainable Energy, Renewable Energy, Energy Audits, and Energy Conservation. This book covers current information related to energy management and includes energy audit and review all the leading equipment (boilers, CHP, pumps, heat exchangers) as well as procedural frameworks (energy audits, action planning, monitoring). It includes energy production and management from an industrial perspective, along with highlighting the various processes involved in energy conservation and auditing in various sectors and associated methods. It also explores future energy options and directions for energy security and sustainability.

This book covers the state-of-art image classification methods for discrimination of earth objects from remote sensing satellite data with an emphasis on fuzzy machine learning and deep learning algorithms. Both types of algorithms are described in such details that these can be implemented directly for thematic mapping of multiple-class or specific-class landcover from multispectral optical remote sensing data. These algorithms along with multi-date, multi-sensor remote sensing are capable to monitor specific stage (for e.g., phenology of growing crop) of a particular class also included. With these capabilities fuzzy machine learning algorithms have strong applications in areas like crop insurance, forest fire mapping, stubble burning, post disaster damage mapping etc. It also provides details about the temporal indices database using proposed Class Based Sensor Independent (CBSI) approach supported by practical examples. As well, this book addresses other related algorithms based on distance, kernel based as well as spatial information through Markov Random Field (MRF)/Local convolution methods to handle mixed pixels, non-linearity and noisy pixels. Further, this book covers about techniques for quantiative assessment of soft classified fraction outputs from soft classification and supported by in-house developed tool called sub-pixel multi-spectral image classifier (SMIC). It is aimed at graduate, postgraduate, research scholars and working professionals of different branches such as Geoinformation sciences, Geography, Electrical, Electronics and Computer Sciences etc., working in the fields of earth observation and satellite image processing. Learning algorithms discussed in this book may also be useful in other related fields, for example, in medical imaging. Overall, this book aims to: exclusive focus on using large range of fuzzy classification algorithms for remote sensing images; discuss ANN, CNN, RNN, and hybrid learning classifiers application on remote sensing images; describe sub-pixel multi-spectral image classifier tool (SMIC) to support discussed fuzzy and learning algorithms; explain how to assess soft classified outputs as fraction images using fuzzy error matrix (FERM) and its advance versions with FERM tool, Entropy, Correlation Coefficient, Root Mean Square Error and Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) methods and; combines explanation of the algorithms with case studies and practical applications.

Presents a well-structured and robust thesis on the challenges and opportunities for natural gas in India's energy future Draw upon key insights, lessons, and way forward from the gas sector reform process Addresses the energy transition scenario towards a net zero Includes comparative Analysis of India's diversity of commercial primary energy supply Uses granular data and visual representations of the same to convey the key arguments

Provides extensive coverage of agro-industrial by products and their environmental impact Details production of value-added products from agro-industry waste Describes environmental legislation and future strategies Presents multidisciplinary approaches from fundamental to applied ones and addresses biorefinery and circular economy Includes innovative approaches and future strategies for management of agro-industry waste

Discusses algorithms and design methodologies for the implementation of HMI based IoT systems. Covers real-time utility of IoT based devices and systems. Provides human-machine interactive technologies and smart applications using IoT. Covers cyber-physical systems, IoT in HMI, using a blend of theoretical knowledge with a practical approach.

In the manufacturing sector, nanomaterials offer promising outcomes for cost reduction in production, quality improvement, and minimization of environmental hazards. This book focuses on the application of nanomaterials across a wide range of manufacturing areas, including in paint and coatings, petroleum refining, textile and leather industries, electronics, energy storage devices, electrochemical sensors, as well as in industrial waste treatment. This book: Examines nanofluids and nanocoatings in manufacturing and their characterization. Discusses nanomaterial applications in fabricating lightweight structural components, oil refining, smart leather processing and textile industries, and the construction industry. Highlights the role of 3D printing in realizing the full potential of nanotechnology. Considers synthetic strategies with a focus on greener protocols for the fabrication of nanostructured materials with enhanced properties and better control, including these materials' characterization and significant properties for ensuring smart outputs. Offers a unique perspective on applications in industrial waste recycling and treatment, along with challenges in terms of safety, economics, and sustainability in industrial processes. This work is written for researchers and industry professionals across a variety of engineering disciplines, including materials, manufacturing, process, and industrial engineering.

The debate on health, nutrition and food security cannot be scrutinized at a more opportune moment. The pandemic that we recently faced and are still facing has given rise to increased food and nutrition insecurity for individuals, families, and communities. The COVID-19 crisis threatened the food security and nutrition of millions of people, many of whom were already suffering. In the longer term, we face possible disruptions to the functioning of food systems, with severe consequences for health and nutrition. Pandemics create a greater burden for poorer countries and countries since they are already pressure of inadequate food supplies. With concerted action, we can not only avoid some of the worst impacts but do so in a way that supports a transition to more sustainable food systems that are in better balance with nature and that support healthy diets – and thus better health prospects for all. This book aims to highlight the impact of pandemics in food systems and nutrition security. The book draws on the experience from the past and present pandemics to better prepare the world for future crises.

Covers computational Intelligence techniques like fuzzy sets, artificial neural networks, deep neural networks, and genetic algorithm for Healthcare systems Provides easy understanding concepts like signal and image filtering techniques Includes discussion over filtering and classification problems Details studies with medical signal (ECG, EEG, EMG) and image (X-rays, FMRI, CT) datasets Describes evolution parameters such as signal-to-noise ratio, mean square error, accuracy, precision, and recall

Provides the basic concepts of process mining techniques for pattern recognition for readers to analyze, predict, forecast, and enhance the workflow of processes Covers the entire spectrum of process mining from process discovery to operational support Discusses several process mining techniques in the context of data science and big data Contains real-life applications and case studies related to process mining theories and practices Includes detailed examples, figures, and tables for easy understanding of concepts discussed

The scarcity of radio spectrum is one of the most urgent issues at the forefront of future network research that is yet to be addressed. To address the problem of spectrum usage efficiency, the cognitive radio (CR) concept was proposed. The challenges of employing CRs include ensuring secure device operations and data transmission with advanced computing techniques. Successful development of CR systems will involve attainment of the following key objectives: Increasing the rate and capacity of CR-based networks How the power is utilized in CR hardware devices with CMOS circuits How the framework is needed in complex networks Vedic multipliers on CR networks Spatial analysis and clustering methods for traffic management To transmit a large volume of data like video compression Swarm optimization algorithms Resource sharing in peer-to-peer networking This book gathers the latest research works focusing on the issues, challenges, and solutions in the field of Cognitive Radio Networks, with various techniques. The chapters in this book will give solutions to the problems that Industry 4.0 faces, and will be an essential resource for scholars in all areas of the field.

Solar energy has found its widespread use in direct conversion into electricity either by photovoltaic conversion or through thermal energy, reduction in post-harvest losses, and crop drying. Solar Drying Systems analyzes the fundamentals, principles and applications, heat transfer, elements of drying and solar dryer designs, and related modeling and analysis aspects of solar energy. Discusses both technical and policy-related issues Explores up-to-date status reviews of different solar drying systems Reviews the highlights of present and future solar drying options Includes many figures, solved examples, and tables with problems/exercises at the end of each chapter This book is aimed at senior undergraduate and graduate students in energy engineering.

Millets are low cost cereal grains and widely used in the food industry and animal husbandry as an important source of food and feed. As a rich source of starch, protein, minerals, vitamins, and specific bioactive compounds that contain beneficial antioxidant properties, they have gained considerable attention as a botanical dietary supplement and various functional foods. Millets: Properties, Processing, and Health Benefits explores millet production, chemistry and nutritional aspects, processing technologies, product formulations, and more. Understanding the properties of millets provides a basis for better utilizing millet crops, in addition to further development of millets as an important industrial crop. Key Features: Provides millet taxonomy, history, nutritional aspects, and health benefits Discusses the physical and functional properties of millets Explores various millet-based products Deals with starch composition, structure, properties, and applications Touches on postharvest management of millets This book combines information on the composition, functional properties and processing along with information on the health properties of millets. With its unique presentation on millets flour and starch, it will be suitable for those wanting to use millets in various food products, including food technologists, nutritionists, research scientists, and agriculture professionals.

Circular-Economy is a new concept in operations management. Its goal is to redefine growth, focusing on positive benefits arising for society as a whole out of efficiencies such as designing waste out the operations process. This book will help practitioners use the proper strategy for effective adoption of Circular practices to use in their organization. Features: Provides a complete understanding of Circular-Economy practices Offers advanced mathematical models to help industry management adopt the correct practices Presents a deep understanding of cross-functional and customer-focused design thinking Covers how to develop sustainable practices in all types of activities within operations management. Circular Economy for the Management of Operations will be of interest to practitioners and researchers in engineering as well as business management

This book examines the issues of urban governance and local democracy in South India. It is the first comprehensive volume that offers comparative frameworks on urban governance across all states in the region: Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Tamil Nadu and Kerala. The book focuses on governance in small district-level cities and raises crucial questions such as the nature of urban planning, major outstanding issues for urban local governance, conditions of civic amenities such as drinking water and sanitation and problems of social capital in making urban governance work in these states. It emphasizes on both efficient urban governance and effective local democracy to meet the challenges of fast-paced urbanization in these states while presenting policy lessons from their urbanization processes. Rich in empirical data, this book will be useful to scholars and researchers of political studies, public administration, governance, public policy, development studies and urban studies, as well as practitioners and non-governmental organizations.