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In recent years, parasitologists have learned much about the way in
which parasite biochemistry differs from that of free-living
organisms. Inside the host, factors such as temperature, oxygen
tension, carbon dioxide concentration and pH have important
consequences for the biochemistry and physiology of the parasitic
organism. Strong selection pressure therefore operates at all
stages of a parasite's life cycle. The parasite's adaptational
response to this pressure is the subject of this book. Under the
headings "The nature of parasite adaptation", "Energy metabolism",
"Digestion and uptake of nutrients", "Host immunity and parasite
adaptation", "Biochemical adaptation and the magic bullet" and
"Biochemical variation in parasites", present knowledge of parasite
metabolism and how it reflects adaptation to particular
environments is surveyed. The ways in which these adaptations may
have developed during their evolution - with reference to the
modern evolution of strain variations and the development of
resistance to antiparasitic compounds - are explored, together with
immunological aspects of the host-parasite relationship and
potential metabolic targets for chemotherapy. This book should be
of use to all those involved and interested in the biochemistry of
parasites and its relation to their evolution, ecology, adaptation
and variation. Those aspects of parasite metabolism that are
attacked by anti-parasitic drugs are described, making this a
useful book for those involved in the pharmaceutical industry. This
book should be of interest to parasitologists and comparative
biochemists.
This lecture note gives an analysis of electronic structure effects
for a new class of molecular solids, i. e. one-dimensional
organometal lic systems formed by transition-met. l atoms that are
embedded in a matrix of macrocyclic organic ligands. These systems
as well as orga nic metals have focused considerable interest due
to the potential formation of high-mobility charge carriers. For
the present author it is difficult to participate in this
restriction on a single physical property (i. e. high electronic
conductivities, technical applications, etc. ). The lecture note is
hopefully a small contribution to enhance the general understanding
of certain electronic properties in organo metallic polymers. Those
problems have been considered in the first place that seem to form
a theoretical deficit in one specific field of solid-state
chemistry. For the reader it will become evident that this
contribution is a compromise always guided and limited by
boundaries: i) An attempt to present problems to a .chemical.
audience which have their roots in solid-state physics. ii) The
model calculations are limited by the currently available
computational facilities. This .boundary. implies that the compu
tational data a e subject to severe theoretical approximations.
iii) Theorists have often a strong tendency to identify their
numeri cal results and models with physical effects. Also this
lecture note is not free of this almost universal trend.
Nevertheless the author hopes that this text leads to some insight
into a rather modern research field. M. e. B6hm I."
The National Transportation Safety Board (NTSB) has long been
concerned about alcohol-impaired driving, which accounts for
approximately one-third of all U.S. highway fatalities. In the past
several decades, awareness of the dangers of alcohol-impaired
driving has increased. Public and private entities focusing on this
safety issue have changed social perceptions concerning
alcohol-impaired driving; they have also achieved important
legislative actions to help reduce it. Due to these efforts, the
number of lives lost annually in alcohol-impaired-driver-related
crashes declined 53 percent, from 21,113 in 1982 to 9,878 in 2011;
and the percentage of highway fatalities resulting from
alcohol-involved crashes is down from 48 percent in 1982 to about
31 percent today. In recent years, however, U.S. success in
addressing this safety issue has plateaued. This book describes the
scope of the impaired driving problem; summarises the efforts of
advocacy groups, researchers, law enforcement agencies, traffic
safety groups, public health organisations, legislators, and motor
vehicle agencies, as well as federal, state, and local governments,
to reduce the number of crashes, injuries, and fatalities; examines
the effect of alcohol consumption on an individual's ability to
operate a motor vehicle and on the risk of being involved in a
crash; and evaluates the effectiveness of current and emerging
alcohol-impaired driving countermeasures and identifies new
approaches and actions needed to reduce and ultimately eliminate
alcohol-impaired driving.
The imperative for the exchange of terrorism-related intelligence
information among law enforcement and security officials at all
levels of government is founded on three propositions. The first is
that any terrorist attack in the homeland will necessarily occur in
a community within a state or tribal area, and the initial response
to it will be by state, local, and tribal emergency responders and
law enforcement officials. Second, the plotting and preparation for
a terrorist attack within the United States will also occur within
local communities. Third, information acquired for one purpose, or
under one set of authorities, might provide unique insights when
combined, in accordance with applicable laws, with seemingly
unrelated information from other sources. This book describes the
Nation-wide Sar Initiative (NSI), and the rationale for the sharing
of terrorism-related Suspicious Activity Reports (SARs), and how
the NSI seeks to achieve this objective.
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