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The plural form 'Englishes' conveys the diversity of English as a
global language, pinpointing the growth and existence of a large
number of national, regional and social forms. The global spread of
English and the new varieties that have emerged around the world
has grown to be a vast area of study and research, which intersects
multiple disciplines. This Handbook provides a comprehensive and
authoritative survey of World Englishes from 1600 to the present
day. Covering topics such as variationist sociolinguistics,
pragmatics, contact linguistics, linguistic anthropology, corpus-
and applied linguistics and language history, it combines
discussion of traditional topics with a variety of innovative
approaches. The chapters, all written by internationally acclaimed
authorities, provide up-to-date discussions of the evolution of
different Englishes around the globe, a comprehensive coverage of
different models and approaches, and some original perspectives on
current challenges.
This is the first ever volume to compile sociolinguistic and
historical information on lesser-known, and relatively ignored,
native varieties of English around the world. Exploring areas as
diverse as the Pacific, South America, the South Atlantic and West
Africa, it shows how these varieties are as much part of the big
picture as major varieties and that their analysis is essential for
addressing some truly important issues in linguistic theory, such
as dialect obsolescence and death, language birth, dialect typology
and genetic classification, patterns of diffusion and
transplantation and contact-induced language change. It also shows
how close interwoven fields such as social history, contact
linguistics and variationist sociolinguistics are in accounting for
their formation and maintenance, providing a thorough description
of the lesser-known varieties of English and their relevance for
language spread and change.
In Z'ev Rosenberg's second book, the scholar-physician shares his
insights from his study of discrimination of movement in the
vessels in the Nan Jing. This book provides an accessible window
into the world of classic vessel discrimination, and a deep
explanation of the Nan Jing as well as advising how it can inform
modern clinical practice. The first chapters of the Nan Jing
examine the parameters of depth, length, qualities, five phase
relationships, viscera/bowel, channel/network vessel and season.
Ripples in the Flow is designed as a compendium text that provides
a commentary on these essential vessel discrimination chapters, as
a teaching text, and as a clinical manual for practitioners of both
acupuncture and herbal medicine. It will be especially useful for
practitioners of five phase approaches to Chinese and Asian medical
systems, as it will provide clear classical references for the
knowledge that they have been taught in their formal training.
This volume compares the evolution and current status of two of the
world's major languages, English and Spanish. Parallel chapters
trace the emergence of Global English and Spanish and their current
status, covering aspects such as language and dialect contact,
language typology, norm development in pluricentric languages, and
identity construction. Case studies look into the use of English
and Spanish on the internet, investigate mixed and alternating
lects, as well as ongoing change in Spanish-speaking minorities in
the US. The volume thus contributes to current theoretical debates
and provides fresh empirical data. While offering an in-depth
treatment of the evolution of English and Spanish to the reader,
this book introduces the driving factors and the effects of the
emergence of world languages in general and is relevant for
researchers and students of sociolinguistics, historical
linguistics, and typology alike.
Letter Writing and Language Change outlines the historical
sociolinguistic value of letter analysis, both in theory and
practice. The chapters in this volume make use of insights from all
three 'Waves of Variation Studies', and many of them, either
implicitly or explicitly, look at specific aspects of the language
of the letter writers in an effort to discover how those writers
position themselves and how they attempt, consciously or
unconsciously, to construct social identities. The letters are
largely from people in the lower strata of social structure, either
to addressees of the same social status or of a higher status. In
this sense the question of the use of 'standard' and/or
'nonstandard' varieties of English is in the forefront of the
contributors' interest. Ultimately, the studies challenge the
assumption that there is only one 'legitimate' and homogenous form
of English or of any other language.
This volume follows on from The Lesser-Known Varieties of English
(Cambridge, 2010), by documenting a further range of varieties that
have been overlooked and understudied. It explores varieties spoken
by small groups of people in remote regions as diverse as Malta,
Bermuda, the Netherlands Antilles, Brazil, the Cook Islands, and
Palau. The varieties explored are as much a part of the big picture
as major varieties and it is the intention of this collection to
spark further interest in the sociolinguistic documentation of
minority Englishes in a postcolonial world. Language endangerment
is a very real factor for the vast majority of lesser-known
varieties of English, and this book aims to highlight that
documentation and archiving are key initial steps in revitalization
and reclamation efforts. This book will be of interest to
historians of English, and scholars in dialectology, language birth
and death, language contact, typology, and variation and change.
Recent developments in contact linguistics suggest considerable
overlap of branches such as historical linguistics, variationist
sociolinguistics, pidgin/creole linguistics, language acquisition,
etc. This book highlights the complexity of contact-induced
language change throughout the history of English by bringing
together cutting-edge research from these fields. Special focus is
on recent debates surrounding substratal influence in earlier forms
of English (particularly Celtic influence in Old English), on
language shift processes (the formation of Irish and overseas
varieties) but also on dialects in contact, the contact origins of
Standard English, the notion of new epicentres in World English,
the role of children and adults in language change as well as
transfer and language learning. With contributions from leading
experts, the book offers fresh and exciting perspectives for
research and is at the same time an up-to-date overview of the
state of the art in the respective fields.
This volume follows on from The Lesser-Known Varieties of English
(Cambridge, 2010), by documenting a further range of varieties that
have been overlooked and understudied. It explores varieties spoken
by small groups of people in remote regions as diverse as Malta,
Bermuda, the Netherlands Antilles, Brazil, the Cook Islands, and
Palau. The varieties explored are as much a part of the big picture
as major varieties and it is the intention of this collection to
spark further interest in the sociolinguistic documentation of
minority Englishes in a postcolonial world. Language endangerment
is a very real factor for the vast majority of lesser-known
varieties of English, and this book aims to highlight that
documentation and archiving are key initial steps in revitalization
and reclamation efforts. This book will be of interest to
historians of English, and scholars in dialectology, language birth
and death, language contact, typology, and variation and change.
Recent developments in contact linguistics suggest considerable
overlap of branches such as historical linguistics, variationist
sociolinguistics, pidgin/creole linguistics, language acquisition,
etc. This book highlights the complexity of contact-induced
language change throughout the history of English by bringing
together cutting-edge research from these fields. Special focus is
on recent debates surrounding substratal influence in earlier forms
of English (particularly Celtic influence in Old English), on
language shift processes (the formation of Irish and overseas
varieties) but also on dialects in contact, the contact origins of
Standard English, the notion of new epicentres in World English,
the role of children and adults in language change as well as
transfer and language learning. With contributions from leading
experts, the book offers fresh and exciting perspectives for
research and is at the same time an up-to-date overview of the
state of the art in the respective fields.
Letter Writing and Language Change outlines the historical
sociolinguistic value of letter analysis, both in theory and
practice. The chapters in this volume make use of insights from all
three 'Waves of Variation Studies', and many of them, either
implicitly or explicitly, look at specific aspects of the language
of the letter writers in an effort to discover how those writers
position themselves and how they attempt, consciously or
unconsciously, to construct social identities. The letters are
largely from people in the lower strata of social structure, either
to addressees of the same social status or of a higher status. In
this sense the question of the use of 'standard' and/or
'nonstandard' varieties of English is in the forefront of the
contributors' interest. Ultimately, the studies challenge the
assumption that there is only one 'legitimate' and homogenous form
of English or of any other language.
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