This book presents an interdisciplinary analysis of the Internet in Russia and its impact on various aspects of social life. The contributions discuss topics such as the features of the Russian media system and digitization processes, the history of the Runet, national Internet markets and the Internet economy, as well as legal aspects. By presenting the results of relevant case studies, it illustrates the process of integrating the Russian segment of the Internet into the international system, offering insights into various country-specific features of the Runet's functioning and development. The first part of the book focuses on the Internet in the context of development of the Russian media system with respect to historical features and digital inequalities. The second part then discusses economic and legal aspects of the Runet, while the third and the fourth parts offer an analysis of digital culture, including the role of journalism and regional diversities as well as online representations and discussions. The chapter "Runet in Crisis Situations" is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.

This book presents the basics and advanced topics of research of gamma ray physics. It describes measuring of Fermi surfaces with gamma resonance spectroscopy and the theory of angular distributions of resonantly scattered gamma rays. The dependence of excited-nuclei average lifetime on the shape of the exciting-radiation spectrum and electron binding energies in the spectra of scattered gamma rays is described. Resonant excitation by gamma rays of nuclear isomeric states with long lifetime leads to the emission and absorption lines. In the book, a new gamma spectroscopic method, gravitational gamma spectrometry, is developed. It has a resolution hundred million times higher than the usual Moessbauer spectrometer. Another important topic of this book is resonant scattering of annihilation quanta by nuclei with excited states in connection with positron annihilation. The application of the methods described is to explain the phenomenon of Coulomb fragmentation of gamma-source molecules and resonant scattering of annihilation quanta to study the shape of Fermi surfaces of metals.

'Et moi, ..., si j'avait su comment en revenir, One service mathematics has rendered the je n'y serais point alle.' human race. It has put common sense back Jules Verne where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non- The series is divergent; therefore we may be sense'. able to do something with it. Eric T. Bell O. Heaviside Mathematicsis a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non- linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics seIVe as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One seIVice topology has rendered mathematical physics ...'; 'One service logic has rendered com- puter science ...'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics ...'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series.

The Siberian World provides a window onto the expansive and diverse world of Siberian society, offering valuable insights into how local populations view their environments, adapt to change, promote traditions, and maintain infrastructure. Siberian society comprises more than 30 Indigenous groups, old Russian settlers, and more recent newcomers and their descendants from all over the former Soviet Union and Russian Federation. The chapters examine a variety of interconnected themes, including language revitalization, legal pluralism, ecology, trade, religion, climate change, and co-creation of practices and identities with state programs and policies. The book's ethnographically-rich contributions highlight Indigenous voices, important theoretical concepts, and practices. The material connects with wider discussions of perception of the environment, climate change, cultural and linguistic change, urbanization, Indigenous rights, Arctic politics, globalization, and sustainability/resilience. The Siberian World will be of interest to scholars from many disciplines, including, Indigenous studies, anthropology, archaeology, geography, environmental history, political science, and sociology.

This book examines recent political and psychological changes in Russian society during Vladimir Putin's third term. Instability in 2011-2012 and new domestic and international contexts make this a unique period in the post-Soviet political history of Russia. This volume focuses on popular perceptions of Russian politics during a new electoral cycle, in particular views of political power, institutions, and leaders. The contributors to this collection describe, and interpret recent political trends in Russian society by utilizing unique methodologies used for over twenty years, allowing results to be compared over time.

This book examines recent political and psychological changes in Russian society during Vladimir Putin's third term. Instability in 2011-2012 and new domestic and international contexts make this a unique period in the post-Soviet political history of Russia. This volume focuses on popular perceptions of Russian politics during a new electoral cycle, in particular views of political power, institutions, and leaders. The contributors to this collection describe, and interpret recent political trends in Russian society by utilizing unique methodologies used for over twenty years, allowing results to be compared over time.

Die Aufrechterhaltung der Erinnerung an die Opfer von Krieg und Gewaltherrschaft, an Widerstand, Flucht und Vertreibung wird heute überwiegend als eine gesamtgesellschaftliche Aufgabe wahrgenommen und nicht als eine alleinige Prärogative des Staates. Dennoch ist öffentliches Erinnern und Gedenken als Bestandteil des kulturstaatlichen Auftrags von Bund, Ländern und Kommunen anerkannt. Der Umgang des Staates und seiner Institutionen mit (schmerzhafter) Vergangenheit und den Orten, an denen die Erinnerung an diese Vergangenheit „haftet“, ist zwar seit Jahren Gegenstand intensiver Forschung. Die verwaltungsrechtliche und verwaltungshistorische Perspektive ist dabei jedoch deutlich unterrepräsentiert gewesen. Nicht nur Fragen der Aufgabenverteilung zwischen den staatlichen und den zivilgesellschaftlichen Akteuren, sondern auch die Kompetenzen, Organisationsformen und Entscheidungsmaßstäbe der mit Erinnerungsaufgaben befassten Behörden und Einrichtungen sind bislang nur punktuell beleuchtet worden. Sind der Bund und die Länder allein als Förderer oder Koordinatoren für kommunale und zivilgesellschaftliche erinnerungskulturelle Aktivitäten gefragt? Besteht ein Handlungsbedarf für die Schaffung einer zentralen – zumindest einer überörtlichen – erinnerungskulturellen Infrastruktur? Bedürfen Gedenkstätten und andere Erinnerungsorte eines spezifischen ordnungsrechtlichen Schutzes? Wie kann die Sicherstellung des Pietätsschutzes an Orten des Gedenkens verfassungskonform ausgestaltet werden? Erfordert ein angemessener Umgang mit flächenhaften Zeugnissen der deutschen Vergangenheit wie dem Westwall und den Relikten des „Eisernen Vorhangs“ besondere rechtliche Vorkehrungen? Diese Lücke soll der vorliegende Band füllen, der im Rahmen eines von der Hochschule für Polizei und öffentliche Verwaltung des Landes Nordrhein-Westfalen geförderten Projekts entstanden ist. Autor:innen des Bandes sind Jurist:innen und Historiker:innen aus den Bereichen Lehre, Forschung und Verwaltung.

This book presents an interdisciplinary analysis of the Internet in Russia and its impact on various aspects of social life. The contributions discuss topics such as the features of the Russian media system and digitization processes, the history of the Runet, national Internet markets and the Internet economy, as well as legal aspects. By presenting the results of relevant case studies, it illustrates the process of integrating the Russian segment of the Internet into the international system, offering insights into various country-specific features of the Runet's functioning and development. The first part of the book focuses on the Internet in the context of development of the Russian media system with respect to historical features and digital inequalities. The second part then discusses economic and legal aspects of the Runet, while the third and the fourth parts offer an analysis of digital culture, including the role of journalism and regional diversities as well as online representations and discussions. The chapter "Runet in Crisis Situations" is available open access under a CC BY 4.0 license at link.springer.com.

This book presents the basics and advanced topics of research of gamma ray physics. It describes measuring of Fermi surfaces with gamma resonance spectroscopy and the theory of angular distributions of resonantly scattered gamma rays. The dependence of excited-nuclei average lifetime on the shape of the exciting-radiation spectrum and electron binding energies in the spectra of scattered gamma rays is described. Resonant excitation by gamma rays of nuclear isomeric states with long lifetime leads to the emission and absorption lines. In the book, a new gamma spectroscopic method, gravitational gamma spectrometry, is developed. It has a resolution hundred million times higher than the usual Moessbauer spectrometer. Another important topic of this book is resonant scattering of annihilation quanta by nuclei with excited states in connection with positron annihilation. The application of the methods described is to explain the phenomenon of Coulomb fragmentation of gamma-source molecules and resonant scattering of annihilation quanta to study the shape of Fermi surfaces of metals.

This book offers a comparative perspective on the technological, economic, and political aspects of Internet development in the post-Soviet countries. In doing so, international experts analyze similarities and differences in various countries throughout the chapters. The volume consists of two parts. The chapters of the first part examine the post-Soviet area as a whole. The second part includes specific case studies on the development of the Internet, either in individual countries or in groups of countries. Countries analyzed are Estonia, Ukraine, Russia as well as three Central Asian countries: Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan and Tajikistan. Topics covered in the volume include, but are not limited to measurement, dynamics, and structure of each national Internet audience; the history of the Internet in the post-Soviet countries; development of infrastructure; Internet regulation and institutional aspects; online markets such as telecommunications, online advertising, e-commerce, and digital content; social and cultural aspects; as well as the transformation of the national media systems.  This book is a must-read for students, researchers, and scholars of political science and economics, as well as policymakers and practitioners interested in a better understanding of Internet development in the post-Soviet area. 

'Et moi, ..., si j'avait su comment en revenir, One service mathematics has rendered the je n'y serais point alle.' human race. It has put common sense back Jules Verne where it belongs, on the topmost shelf next to the dusty canister labelled 'discarded non- The series is divergent; therefore we may be sense'. able to do something with it. Eric T. Bell O. Heaviside Mathematicsis a tool for thought. A highly necessary tool in a world where both feedback and non- linearities abound. Similarly, all kinds of parts of mathematics seIVe as tools for other parts and for other sciences. Applying a simple rewriting rule to the quote on the right above one finds such statements as: 'One seIVice topology has rendered mathematical physics ...'; 'One service logic has rendered com- puter science ...'; 'One service category theory has rendered mathematics ...'. All arguably true. And all statements obtainable this way form part of the raison d'etre of this series.

Approach your problems from the It isn't that they can't see the end and begin with the answers. solution. It is that they can't Then one day, perhaps you will see the problem. find the final question. G.K. Chesterton. The Scandal of 'The Hermit Clad in Crane Father Brown 'The Point of a Pin'. Feathers' in R. van Gulik's The Chinese Maze Murders. Growing specialization and diversification have brought a host of mono graphs and textbooks on increasingly topics. However, the "tree" of knowledge of mathematics and related fields does not grow only by putting forth new branches. It also happens, quite often in fact, that branches which were thought to be completely disparate are suddenly seen to be related. Further, the kind and level of sophistication of mathematics applied in various sciences has changed drastically in recent years: measure theory is used (non-trivially) in regional and theoretical economics; algebraic geometry interacts with physics; the Minkowsky lemma, coding theory and the structure of water meet one another in packing and covering theory; quantum fields, crystal defects and mathematical pro gramming profit from homotopy theory; Lie algebras are relevant to filtering; and prediction and electric engineering can use Stein spaces. And in addition to this there are such new emerging subdisciplines as "complete integrable systems," "chaos, synergetics and large-scale order," which are almost impossible to fit into the existing classifica tion schemes. The draw upon widely different sections of mathematics."

Much data has been collected from experiments on the kinetios of radical reactions in different solids, but to date, this has not been presented in book format in a thorough and comprehensive way. This book makes the experimental data accessible for all chemists involved in these reactions. Various models of the tunnel atom transfer are analyzed in order to explain the kinetic isotope effect in solid phase reactions and photoinitiated radical reactions are inspected for the kinetic non-equivalence of particles and factors affecting their reactivity. Topics covered include:
* kinetic description of reactions with dispersion particles in reactivity
* the influence of space-orientation factors on reactivity in cage reactions
* the influence of molecular dynamics on the kinetics of elementary reactions
* the effect of structural-physical modification on kinetics of cage radical reactions

It is almost two years since the publication of Oleg Davydov's significant study Inside Out: The Radical Transformation of Russian Foreign Trade, 1992-1997, and a lot has changed since then, including the August 1998 financial and banking crisis in Russia. Nevertheless, the views Davydov expressed in that book are still relevant, and many of the recommendations he made have been implemented, to good effect. This book, Liberalization of Russian Foreign Trade, takes up where the first left off. Here, Davydov teams up with Valeriy A. Oreshkin, and they systematize and explain the issues related to the formation of Russia's foreign trade policy. The transition from centrally planned economy to market economy has been difficult. The largest problem, of course, has been integrating Russia into the world economic community and learning how to do business with foreign counterparts and competitors. Another problem, of potentially overwhelming proportions, is the issue of Russia's foreign debts, and the authors investigate how the country might modernize its infrastructure and invest in its future despite the enormous foreign-debt repayments. Part of the solution, the authors believe, will come from foreign investments, yet Russian businesspeople must continue to convince foreign investors that investing in Russia is a good risk. However, given the rise of criminal activities in the foreign-trade arena, foreign investors are understandably hesitant. In the forseeable future, the creation of internal and external conditions for a more complete integration of Russia into the world economy will remain a top priority. But the key milestones to that greater goal are already in flux. In an objective and informed way, this book provides the best explanation available of how those milestones have changed, and how such changes may affect the future development of a competitive Russian economy.

Oleg Davydov's Inside Out examines Russia's foreign economic relations from 1992 to 1997, a period of drastic change and transformation. During these years, as it underwent the change from state monopoly to free market, Russia's economy was rebuilt and the very principles of foreign trade redefined. After 1992, both industrial and agricultural enterprises in Russia were unchained and received the right to trade freely without any permission from "the top." Davydov studies the changing role of the government in Russia's economy as it actively searches for new markets and seeks to integrate Russia's economy into the world's. These economic reforms, Davydov proposes, should result in the integration of the Commonwealth member countries, Russia's admittance into the WTO, and the creation of a free trade zone with the EC, all of which will provide tremendous opportunities for Russia as it embarks on the road of a sustained and democratic development.

When this classic book was first published in 1926, L.S. Vygotsky was well on his way to becoming one of the leading intellectuals in Russia. His study of the psychology of education led him to believe that the child should be the main figure in the educational process - and the efforts of the teacher should be directed toward organizing, not dictating, the child's development. "The educational process must be based on the student's individual activity ..." he states in Educational Psychology, "... and the art of education should involve nothing more than guiding and monitoring this activity." At a time when most education consisted of rote memorization and thwacks across the wrist with a ruler, these ideas were considered quite radical.
Today's educators can find much that is of use in the pages of Educational Psychology. Vygotsky addresses many issues that are still relevant in the 1990s - abnormal social behavior, the nurturing of creativity and reasoning, problems with attention and memory - in a bold and opinionated fashion that is sure to delight educators as well as lovers of classical Russian writing. Psychologists will also find the book useful for its fascinating glimpses into the study of psychology in the early twentieth century.

"High-Tc Superconductivity" is based on a meeting held in Kiev and contains contributions discussing the most recent achievements in this field. The book includes reviews and original papers covering theoretical and experimental aspects of the subject. Keywords: electronic and magnetic properties, metallization processes, emission and optic spectra, lavitation, pinning, frustration and fluctuations, thin films