The purpose of this book is to review the current, state-of-the-art application of isotopic methods to the field of heterogeneous catalysis. Isotopic studies are arguably the ultimate technique in in situ methods for heterogeneous catalysis. In this review volume, chapters have been contributed by experts in the field and the coverage includes both the application of specific isotopes ? Deuterium, Tritium, Carbon-14, Sulfur-35 and Oxygen-18 ? as well as isotopic techniques ? determination of surface mobility, steady state transient isotope kinetic analysis, and positron emission profiling.

This book constitutes the refereed proceedings of the 9th Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence, PRICAI 2006, held in Guilin, China in August 2006. The book presents 81 revised full papers and 87 revised short papers together with 3 keynote talks. The papers are organized in topical sections on intelligent agents, automated reasoning, machine learning and data mining, natural language processing and speech recognition, computer vision, perception and animation, and more.