For modern scientists, history often starts with last week's
journals and is regarded as largely a quaint interest compared with
the advances of today. However, this book makes the case that,
measured by major advances, the greatest decade in the history of
brain studies was mid-twentieth century, especially the 1950s. The
first to focus on worldwide contributions in this period, the book
ranges through dozens of astonishing discoveries at all levels of
the brain, from DNA (Watson and Crick), through growth factors
(Hamburger and Levi-Montalcini), excitability (Hodgkin and Huxley),
synapses (Katz and Eccles), dopamine and Parkinson's (Carlsson),
visual processing (Hartline and Kuffler), the cortical column
(Mountcastle), reticular activating system (Morruzzi and Magoun)
and REM sleep (Aserinsky), to stress (Selye), learning (Hebb) and
memory (HM and Milner). The clinical fields are also covered, from
Cushing and Penfield, psychosurgery and brain energy metabolism
(Kety), to most of the major psychoactive drugs in use today
(beginning with Delay and Deniker), and much more.
The material has been the basis for a highly successful advanced
undergraduate and graduate course at Yale, with the classic papers
organized and accessible on the web. There is interest for a wide
range of readers, academic, and lay because there is a focus on the
creative process itself, on understanding how the combination of
unique personalities, innovative hypotheses, and new methods led to
the advances. Insight is given into this process through describing
the struggles between male and female, student and mentor, academic
and private sector, and the roles of chance and persistence. The
book thus provides a new multidisciplinary understanding of the
revolution that created the modern field of neuroscience and set
the bar for judging current and future advances.
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