The theory of set-valued maps and of differential inclusion is developed in recent years both as a field of his own and as an approach to control theory. The book deals with the theory of semilinear differential inclusions in infinite dimensional spaces. In this setting, problems of interest to applications do not suppose neither convexity of the map or compactness of the multi-operators. These assumption implies the development of the theory of measure of noncompactness and the construction of a degree theory for condensing mapping. Of particular interest is the approach to the case when the linear part is a generator of a condensing, strongly continuous semigroup. In this context, the existence of solutions for the Cauchy and periodic problems are proved as well as the topological properties of the solution sets. Examples of applications to the control of transmission line and to hybrid systems are presented.

Catherine the Great: A Reference Guide to Her Life and Works covers all aspects of her life and work. Empress Catherine the Great was one of the most famous and amazing women in world history. Includes a detailed chronology of Catherine's life, family, and work. The A to Z section includes the major events, places, and people in Catherine's life. The bibliography includes a list of publications concerning her life and work. The index thoroughly cross-references the chronological and encyclopedic entries.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Russia's eighteenth-century drive toward modernity and empire under the two "greats" -- Peter I and Catherine II -- is fully captured in this new work by one of Russia's outstanding young historians. The author develops three themes: Russia's relationship to the West; the transformation of "Holy Russia" into a multinational empire; and the effects of efforts to modernize Russia selectively along Western lines. Writing in a clear, crisp style, Kamenskii enlivens the narrative with observations from contemporary literary figures and political commentators that point up the lasting significance of the events he describes.

A condensing (or densifying) operator is a mapping under which the image of any set is in a certain sense more compact than the set itself. The degree of noncompactness of a set is measured by means of functions called measures of noncompactness. The contractive maps and the compact maps [i.e., in this Introduction, the maps that send any bounded set into a relatively compact one; in the main text the term "compact" will be reserved for the operators that, in addition to having this property, are continuous, i.e., in the authors' terminology, for the completely continuous operators] are condensing. For contractive maps one can take as measure of noncompactness the diameter of a set, while for compact maps can take the indicator function of a family of non-relatively com pact sets. The operators of the form F( x) = G( x, x), where G is contractive in the first argument and compact in the second, are also condensing with respect to some natural measures of noncompactness. The linear condensing operators are characterized by the fact that almost all of their spectrum is included in a disc of radius smaller than one. The examples given above show that condensing operators are a sufficiently typical phenomenon in various applications of functional analysis, for example, in the theory of differential and integral equations. As is turns out, the condensing operators have properties similar to the compact ones.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

The non-local functional is an integral with the integrand depending on the unknown function at different values of the argument. These types of functionals have different applications in physics, engineering and sciences. The Euler type equations that arise as necessary conditions of extrema of non-local functionals are the functional differential equations. The book is dedicated to systematic study of variational calculus for non-local functionals and to theory of boundary value problems for functional differential equations. There are described different necessary and some sufficient conditions for extrema of non-local functionals. Theorems of existence and uniqueness of solutions to many kinds of boundary value problems for functional differential equations are proved. The spaces of solutions to these problems are, as a rule, Sobolev spaces and it is not often possible to apply the analytical methods for solution of these problems. Therefore it is important to have approximate methods for their solution. Different approximate methods of solution of boundary value problems for functional differential equations and direct methods of variational calculus for non-local functionals are described in the book. The non-local functional is an integral with the integrand depending on the unknown function at different values of the argument. These types of functionals have different applications in physics, engineering and sciences. The Euler type equations that arise as necessary conditions of extrema of non-local functionals are the functional differential equations. The book is dedicated to systematic study of variational calculus for non-local functionals and to theory of boundary value problems for functional differential equations. There are described different necessary and some sufficient conditions for extrema of non-local functionals. Theorems of existence and uniqueness of solutions to many kinds of boundary value problems for functional differential equations are proved. The spaces of solutions to these problems are, as a rule, Sobolev spaces and it is not often possible to apply the analytical methods for solution of these problems. Therefore it is important to have approximate methods for their solution. Different approximate methods of solution of boundary value problems for functional differential equations and direct methods of variational calculus for non-local functionals are described in the book.

This is an EXACT reproduction of a book published before 1923. This IS NOT an OCR'd book with strange characters, introduced typographical errors, and jumbled words. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

This is a reproduction of a book published before 1923. This book may have occasional imperfections such as missing or blurred pages, poor pictures, errant marks, etc. that were either part of the original artifact, or were introduced by the scanning process. We believe this work is culturally important, and despite the imperfections, have elected to bring it back into print as part of our continuing commitment to the preservation of printed works worldwide. We appreciate your understanding of the imperfections in the preservation process, and hope you enjoy this valuable book.

Russia's eighteenth-century drive toward modernity and empire under the two "greats" -- Peter I and Catherine II -- is fully captured in this new work by one of Russia's outstanding young historians. The author develops three themes: Russia's relationship to the West; the transformation of "Holy Russia" into a multinational empire; and the effects of efforts to modernize Russia selectively along Western lines. Writing in a clear, crisp style, Kamenskii enlivens the narrative with observations from contemporary literary figures and political commentators that point up the lasting significance of the events he describes.