This book provides scientific evidence, both theoretically and empirically, on the understudied field of women entrepreneurs across North Africa. It provides insights on the domain of women entrepreneurship, undertaking critical assessment of overall historical frameworks, ecosystems and future perspectives of the region.Women entrepreneurship is among the most important and unexploited sources of economic growth in the developing world. Yet, despite much progress in socioeconomic aspects such as health, life expectancy and education, the gender economic gap remains unchanged. More needs to be done to understand the underlying forces and factors in the region to challenge the current status quo.

Over the years, India has emerged as the third largest start-up ecosystem in the world, earning itself the reputation of being the emerging land for delivering unicorns. It has become one of the most attractive regions in the world for initiating and scaling up new business ideas. Many venture capitalists have invested in India's start-up ecosystem, and the government has also launched a variety of schemes to promote this growth. Indian organisations have become more competitive, making their global presence felt and expanding their reach into new industries and sectors.What factors have been pivotal for the growth of Indian start-ups? How did the Indian ecosystem evolve to fuel this growth? Is the role of leadership in start-ups more crucial than in other organisations?This book, through its diverse range of chapters, not only provides answers to the above questions, but also makes sincere efforts to highlight the innovative potential that start-ups carry and the leadership that is required to sail them through global competition. The book also provides an insight on the race of unicorns and how Indian start-ups have been extremely successful in bagging this coveted title. This edited book is a must-read for budding entrepreneurs and researchers who aim to understand and conduct research on Indian start-ups and their ecosystem support.

This unique reference book provides an array of diverse perspectives on international entrepreneurship, a new and emerging field of research that blends concepts and methodologies from more traditional social sciences. The Handbook includes chapters written by top researchers of economics and sociology, as well as academic leaders in the fields of entrepreneurship and international business. State-of-the-art contributions provide up-to-date literature reviews, making this book essential for the researcher of entrepreneurship and the internationalisation of entrepreneurs.

This unique reference book provides an array of diverse perspectives on international entrepreneurship, a new and emerging field of research that blends concepts and methodologies from more traditional social sciences. The Handbook includes chapters written by top researchers of economics and sociology, as well as academic leaders in the fields of entrepreneurship and international business. State-of-the-art contributions provide up-to-date literature reviews, making this book essential for the researcher of entrepreneurship and the internationalisation of entrepreneurs.

This handbook is focused on the analytical dimension in researching international entrepreneurship. It offers a diverse collection of chapters focused on qualitative and quantitative methods that are being practised and can be used by future researchers in the field of international entrepreneurship. The qualitative cluster covers articles, conceptual and empirical chapters as well as literature reviews, whereas the quantitative cluster analyses international entrepreneurship through a broad range of statistical methods such as regressions, panel data, structural equation modelling as well as decision-making and optimisation models in certain and uncertain circumstances. This book is essential reading for researchers, scholars and practitioners who want to learn and implement new methods in analysing entrepreneurial opportunities across national borders.

This book outlines the unique challenges and opportunities of doing business in Africa, analysing how varying degrees of development across its countries affects entrepreneurship. Taking into account historical and cultural contexts, the authors approach the topic by evaluating the different possibilities of business opportunity in Africa. Insightful contributions explore an extensive range of African countries, discussing both formal and informal entrepreneurship, as well as the different factors that influence the growing economy of Africa. African Entrepreneurship will be of interest to anyone researching the potential of doing business in Africa, as well as entrepreneurs and policy-makers looking to expand their knowledge on how businesses are managed in this region.

This book explores the historical, current and future prospects of women's entrepreneurial activities in the former Yugoslavia, a region that is currently in a process of transition from socialism to a free-market economy. Each chapter presents the past, present and future of female entrepreneurship for each individual country. Some of the questions that the book answers include: Have women been historically and culturally ignored, marginalized, or systematically forbidden to run their own businesses? What are the status quo and future prospects for this group? And, is the investment climate conducive to women-owned businesses? The book provides an extensive overview of female entrepreneurship, its promotion and development, the role of the state, and other key factors that shape the female entrepreneurship ecosystem. Readers will gain an overall perspective on the essential issues and challenges to women's entrepreneurship, entrepreneurial initiatives and innovation, policy structures and institutional support to female entrepreneurship in the region.

This book presents a curated collection of research on ethnic entrepreneurship, focusing on the informal sector. The common theme of the expert contributions is that entrepreneurial motivation to start informal business is paramount to ethnic groups. In particular, the book explores the factors influencing ethnic groups to start informal businesses and how this creates innovative business activity. It also charts the evolution of ethnic entrepreneurship and informal businesses in advanced and emerging economies; the diversity of entrepreneurial strategies; the economics of co-ethnic employment; and the issues surrounding immigrant entrepreneurship. The book is a valuable resource for researchers in the field of informal ethnic entrepreneurship, as well as for policy makers and entrepreneurs.

The aim of this volume is to explore entrepreneurship and business from the perspective of Islamic principles, which are usually based on collaboration, teamwork, generosity and altruism. The contributions deal with the confluence of Islamic Principles with entrepreneurial and business ownership characteristics; resource use by entrepreneurs; means of entrepreneurial success, and ethics and social responsibility.

This volume offers a comprehensive state-of-the-art portrait of entrepreneurship and small business management issues in former Yugoslavian countries. Further, it provides a wealth of theoretical and empirical evidence on the role of entrepreneurship in transition economies and emerging markets. Country-based studies identify the processes in each country that attract financial investors and yield new business and employment opportunities. In addition, the studies highlight institutional constraints and political factors that hinder the development of entrepreneurship in these countries, and offer recommendations for policymakers on how to improve the general business environment. This book will appeal to entrepreneurship researchers, as well as public policymakers in transition economies and emerging markets.

This book presents a comprehensive, state-of-the-art portrait of entrepreneurship and small business management issues in Iran, and among the Iranian Diaspora. The major contributions in this book address topics such as innovation, female entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship, migrant entrepreneurship, corporate entrepreneurship, institutional support of entrepreneurial initiatives and more. This book is the outcome of an extensive research endeavor spanning several years and includes the latest contributions from highly respected authors and experts from Iran and beyond.

Asia is highly regarded as one of the fastest growing regions in the world, and this unique Handbook focuses on the internationalization process and entrepreneurial dynamics of small business within the continent. Using a clear and consistent style, the Handbook examines more than 40 countries in Asia and allows researchers to compare the environment for entrepreneurship, the internationalization of entrepreneurs and the state of small business in different Asian countries. The chapters are authored by well-known scholars who provide insight into how government policies have affected the internationalization of small firms in Asia. This comprehensive reference work will provide a timely and important basis for scholars to understand entrepreneurship in Asia. Public policy analysts of international entrepreneurship and practitioners wanting to enter or extend their market in Asia will also find this volume of immense interest.

This comprehensive reference work, written by some of the most eminent academics in the field, contains entries on numerous aspects of entrepreneurship. Topics covered include: business angels, Chinese clan entrepreneurship, criminal entrepreneurship, defining the entrepreneur, employee start-ups, entrepreneurship education, entrepreneurship policy, ethics, ethnic minority entrepreneurship, family business, global entrepreneurship and transnationalism, indigenous entrepreneurship, international entrepreneurship, internationalization, involuntary entrepreneurship, Islam and entrepreneurship, mature-age entrepreneurs, pastoralism, religion as an explanatory variable for entrepreneurship, rural entrepreneurship, self-efficacy, small island entrepreneurship, social entrepreneurship and venture capital. There are also entries on individuals including Conrad Hilton, Howard Hughes and Joseph Schumpeter. Providing its readers with a unique point of reference, as well as stimulus for further research, this Encyclopedia is an indispensable tool for anyone interested in entrepreneurship, particularly students, scholars and researchers. Contributors: Z.J. Acs, K. Althoff, R.B. Anderson, A. Atherton, D.B. Audretsch, U. Backes-Gellner, G. Baldacchino, W.J. Baumol, D. Boegenhold, J. Bonnet, R.T. Bradley, T. Brau, M. Casson, P. Cussy, L.-P. Dana, T.E. Dana, A.A. Degen, S. Down, U. Fachinger, A. Fayolle, L. Ferguson, L.J. Filion, K. Frith, Y. Gasse, W.A. Ghoul, P. Gottschalk, R.T. Hamilton, M. Han, R. Harms, T.H. Hawver, J. Huebscher, P.-A. Julien, K.R. Kao, R.W.Y. Kao, R.R. Kao, T. Kautonen, P. Kilby, A.M. Kleinbaum, A. Koch, S. Kolb, S. Kraus, P. Kyroe, C. Lendner, D. Leong, I.H. Light, C.M. Mason, P.P. McDougall, G. McElwee, M. Morris, M. Niemi, J.J. Obrecht, B.M. Oviatt, J. Palmroos, A.M. Peredo, J.M. Pollack, V. Ratten, M.T. Schaper, L. Schjoedt, A.E. Singer, U. Staber, D. Storey, S. Terjesen, D. Tomasino, P. Vainio, P.C. Weber, I. Welpe, F. Welter, K. Wennberg, A. Werner

Gain a comprehensive understanding of the development of entrepreneurship across Eastern Europe Throughout Eastern Europe, post-Communist countries transitioning to market-based economies are obtaining a variety of results due to diverse policy approaches. When Economies Change Hands evaluates the nature of entrepreneurship in this region, the consequences of central planning, the reasons for internal subsistence activity, and the emergence of the sex trade in Eastern Europe. The wealth of information in this resource is clearly presented and includes thought-provoking policy prescriptions for the future.It is challenging to predict the direction emerging markets will take, particularly when dealing with the wide-ranging social and economic situations taking place in post-Communist Eastern Europe. When Economies Change Hands can help. This reference volume for policymakers, educators, investors, and researchers provides a much-needed and timely survey of the transitioning markets of post-Communist Europe. It examines the historical, sociocultural, and economic impacts of market transition. The text includes a discussion of the creation and distribution of wealth in the countries of Eastern Europe that will leave you better informed about the dynamics of transitioning economies and the growth of entrepreneurship across Eastern Europe. In addition, the book demonstrates the problems and advantages of both slow reform and rapid reform models in a thorough and easy-to-read manner. When Economies Change Hands includes vivid photos of notable entrepreneurs and a sophisticated trail of references for academics that complements the useful and meaningful information you will find in the text.When Economies Change Hands examines how various policies affect the economies of transitioning countries by incorporating and discussing: detailed definitions and comparisons of formal and parallel economies an in-depth study of entrepreneurship in the Republic of Albania, the Eastern Bloc of Comecon, The Baltic States, and the Commonwealth of Independent States pluralism in the former Yugoslav Republics analyses of governmental programs and policy prescriptions for the future and much more As the market economies of Eastern Europe develop and expand, the value of this meticulous yet accessible text will continue to increase. Whether you are a policymaker, an educator, an investor, or a researcher, When Economies Change Hands is a resource that youOCOll return to again and again as you work to understand and predict the future of post-Communist economies in Eastern Europe."

Gain a comprehensive understanding of the development of entrepreneurship across Eastern Europe Throughout Eastern Europe, post-Communist countries transitioning to market-based economies are obtaining a variety of results due to diverse policy approaches. When Economies Change Hands evaluates the nature of entrepreneurship in this region, the consequences of central planning, the reasons for internal subsistence activity, and the emergence of the sex trade in Eastern Europe. The wealth of information in this resource is clearly presented and includes thought-provoking policy prescriptions for the future. It is challenging to predict the direction emerging markets will take, particularly when dealing with the wide-ranging social and economic situations taking place in post-Communist Eastern Europe. When Economies Change Hands can help. This reference volume for policymakers, educators, investors, and researchers provides a much-needed and timely survey of the transitioning markets of post-Communist Europe. It examines the historical, sociocultural, and economic impacts of market transition. The text includes a discussion of the creation and distribution of wealth in the countries of Eastern Europe that will leave you better informed about the dynamics of transitioning economies and the growth of entrepreneurship across Eastern Europe. In addition, the book demonstrates the problems and advantages of both slow reform and rapid reform models in a thorough and easy-to-read manner. When Economies Change Hands includes vivid photos of notable entrepreneurs and a sophisticated trail of references for academics that complements the useful and meaningful information you will find in the text. When Economies Change Hands examines how various policies affect the economies of transitioning countries by incorporating and discussing: detailed definitions and comparisons of formal and parallel economies an in-depth study of entrepreneurship in the Republic of Albania, the Eastern Bloc of Comecon, The Baltic States, and the Commonwealth of Independent States pluralism in the former Yugoslav Republics analyses of governmental programs and policy prescriptions for the future and much more! As the market economies of Eastern Europe develop and expand, the value of this meticulous yet accessible text will continue to increase. Whether you are a policymaker, an educator, an investor, or a researcher, When Economies Change Hands is a resource that you'll return to again and again as you work to understand and predict the future of post-Communist economies in Eastern Europe.

Learn how to compete in international markets The nature of business has changed, and Global Marketing Co-Operation and Networks explains how and why former competitors are now joining forces. Exploring co-operation, networks, and internationalization, this collection provides you with an indispensable framework for grasping the ongoing changes in global business. In addition, it includes a new, broad-based theory of international entrepreneurship that will help you master the intricacies of global marketing.Global Marketing Co-Operation and Networks features both empirical research and conceptual studies. It provides you with important research findings about the impact of internationalization on entrepreneurs, smaller firms, and multinational giants. This valuable book contains up-to-date information from top researchers in entrepreneurship from Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore.Global Marketing Co-Operation and Networks gives insight into the often confusing world of international business, explaining such difficult issues as: building networks to link smaller firms that have specialized knowledge and multinational firms that have marketing prowess establishing an international market presence with the help of supply and distribution networks that are already in place using group dynamics to establish successful networking choosing the best time to internationalize taking advantage of government-funded overseas trade missions to develop international marketsGlobal Marketing Co-Operation and Networks is an essential resource for executives and entrepreneurs hoping to break into international business, as well as students and researchers interested in international economics, globalization, networking, and marketing strategies.

Learn how to compete in international markets The nature of business has changed, and Global Marketing Co-Operation and Networks explains how and why former competitors are now joining forces. Exploring co-operation, networks, and internationalization, this collection provides you with an indispensable framework for grasping the ongoing changes in global business. In addition, it includes a new, broad-based theory of international entrepreneurship that will help you master the intricacies of global marketing. Global Marketing Co-Operation and Networks features both empirical research and conceptual studies. It provides you with important research findings about the impact of internationalization on entrepreneurs, smaller firms, and multinational giants. This valuable book contains up-to-date information from top researchers in entrepreneurship from Canada, the United States, the United Kingdom, Australia, New Zealand, and Singapore.Global Marketing Co-Operation and Networks gives insight into the often confusing world of international business, explaining such difficult issues as: building networks to link smaller firms that have specialized knowledge and multinational firms that have marketing prowess establishing an international market presence with the help of supply and distribution networks that are already in place using group dynamics to establish successful networking choosing the best time to internationalize taking advantage of government-funded overseas trade missions to develop international markets Global Marketing Co-Operation and Networks is an essential resource for executives and entrepreneurs hoping to break into international business, as well as students and researchers interested in international economics, globalization, networking, and marketing strategies.

This book features contributions by international scholars who have worked to establish a theory- and empirics-based discussion on disadvantaged minorities and long-term economic development. Depending on their socio-demographic characteristics, minorities have long lived under the shadow of the groups, categories, or communities they presumably belong to. Despite the obstacles they have to face, they manage to demonstrate that, above all, they are entrepreneurs capable to start, run, and successfully complete their venture. Their motivations are often assimilated by the research community into "necessity entrepreneurship." In addition to the external barriers they face, they have to overcome endogenous cognitive factors that hinder their entrepreneurial intention: anxiety before the future, the anguish of death, generativity, health condition as perceived by others, subjective age, and the cultural gap as viewed by natives, among others. The book integrates a diversity of challenges and disadvantages faced by entrepreneurs, allowing the reader to have a renewed understanding of entrepreneurial behavior. On the theoretical level, the chapters emphasize the need for integrating entrepreneurship theory with multidisciplinary approaches, such as the Theory of Cumulative Disadvantage/Advantage (CDA), cultural and geographical theories, and psychological theories. On the practical level, this book would raise the awareness of policy makers, mainly governmental and nongovernmental organizations concerning the disadvantages, and helping them adjust their actions either for local or international programs. Chapter "Intersectionality and Minority Entrepreneurship: At the Crossroad of Vulnerability and Power" is available open access under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License via link.springer.com.

Marketing in the emerging Islamic markets is a challenging business function since international companies must contend with unfamiliar customs, cultural differences, and legal challenges. This book provides marketers who want to reach this emerging and very lucrative consumer base with essential, research-based insights on these aspects and how to deal with them. This book redefines marketing practice and conduct and challenges conventional marketing wisdom by introducing a religious-based ethical framework to the practice of marketing. The framework opens a whole new array of marketing opportunities and describes the behavior of the consumer, community, and companies using a different approach than conventional marketing thought.

This book presents the reader a comprehensive understanding of the development of family business in transitional economies. Throughout eastern Europe, post-Communist countries transitioning to market-based economies are obtaining a variety of results due to diverse policy approaches. Expert contributions in this book draw from a wealth of information in this context and include thought-provoking policy prescriptions for the future. This book concentrates on the challenges to predict the direction emerging markets will take, particularly when dealing with the wide-ranging social and economic situations taking place in post-Communist Eastern Europe. This reference volume for policymakers, educators, investors, and researchers also provides a much-needed and timely survey of family firms in the transitioning markets of post-Communist Europe.

This book reveals a variety of issues facing entrepreneurs, SMEs, and entrepreneurship development across South America. The authors recognize that when it comes to entrepreneurship, not one size fits all. Therefore, this book has been designed to help business students understand the context of the enterprise. It highlights how countries differ in their scope of entrepreneurship, and how entrepreneurs are impacted by these differences. Each chapter is dedicated to a respective country and describes the status quo, challenges and prospects for entrepreneurship there. Specifically, the book helps students understand the nature of entrepreneurship in Argentina, Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, French Guiana, Guyana, Paraguay, Peru, Surinam, Uruguay and Venezuela.

This book focuses on understanding the international behaviours of SMEs, entrepreneurial ventures, and entrepreneurs. The collection of contributions gathered in the book highlights the importance of cultures, contexts and behaviours that pertain to the international entrepreneurship arena. The respective chapters address topics such as entrepreneurial cognition, international entrepreneurial ecosystems, innovation, international market entry decisions, family SMEs, international human resources management, cross-cultural and indigenous entrepreneurship, social capital and sustainability in international markets. All contributions are based on the latest empirical and theoretical research, and provide key findings and concrete recommendations for scholars, entrepreneurs, organizations and policy makers.

International Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets: Contexts, Behaviours, and Successful Entry aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of international entrepreneurship in emerging markets. This collection of prominent, context-based chapters focuses on entrepreneurial activities in SMEs and analyses a specific dimension of international entrepreneurship in countries belonging to emerging markets. In a constantly evolving international business context, economies can play a crucial role in the promotion and support of firms looking for expanding their market globally. As such, internationalisation, considered as among the most challenging strategies, can provide an opportunity for Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) to seek for performance and growth. In this vein, although international business literature has prominently focused on developed countries, the contribution of emerging markets (EMs) has become as increasingly important contenders on the global scene. Emerging markets are known as growing fast economies, in which they provide an opportunity for SMEs to operate. Therefore, entrepreneurial firms, SMEs in particular, can take advantage of the context unique characteristics of emerging markets to successfully operate and grow not only in domestic but also in international markets. This book is essential reading for researchers, scholars, and practitioners seeking international entrepreneurial activities related to emerging markets.

In Entrepreneurs and Capitalism since Luther: Rediscovering the Moral Economy, Ivan Light and Leo-Paul Dana study the history of business, capitalism, and entrepreneurship to examine the values of social and cultural capital. Six chapters evaluate case studies that illustrate contrasting relationships between social networks, vocational culture, and entrepreneurship. Light and Dana argue that, in capitalism's early stages, cultural capital is scarcer than social capital and therefore more crucial for business owners. Conversely, when capitalism is well established, social capital is scarcer than cultural capital and becomes more crucial. Light and Dana then trace moral legitimations of capitalism from the Reformation to the Enlightenment, the Gilded Age, and finally to Joseph Schumpeter whose concept of "creative destruction" freed elite entrepreneurs from moral restraints that encumber small business owners. After examining the availability of social and cultural capital in the contemporary United States, Light and Dana show that business owners' social capital enforces conventional morality in markets, facilitating commerce and legitimating small businesses the old-fashioned way. As their networks become more isolated, elite entrepreneurs must claim and ultimately deliver successful results to earn public toleration of immoral or predatory conduct.

Whilst there has been an increased interest in minorities and their contribution to society, the literature on minorities and under-represented communities is still weak. This edited volume discusses entrepreneurship in the context of minorities and the role they play in society. The book looks at under-represented communities such as LGBTQ+, disadvantaged, ethnic minority, religious entrepreneurs, medically limited, indigenous, refugees, young/old and other socio-economic segments. It provides a holistic, comprehensive overview of how diversity in entrepreneurship facilitates increased levels of innovation. The book will be amongst the first to take a broad perspective of minority entrepreneurs.