In connection with the recent treatment of radium and the actinides, the Gmelin Institute is carrying out the description of thorium and its compounds. The Supplement Volumes A 2, A 3, A 4, and A 5 with the history, isotopes, uses, the recovery of thorium and general properties of thorium atom and ions, the thermodynamics of its compounds and solutions, spectroscopic data and analytical chemistry, biological behavior, health protection and safety control have already been published. The Supplement Volumes C 1, C 2 and C 3 describing the compounds with the noble gases, hydrogen, oxygen compounds and nitrogen compounds are also available; also have been published Supplement Volumes C 5 and C 7 describing the compounds with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and boron, carbonates, thiocynates, alkoxides, and carboxylates. The Supplement Volumes D 1, D 2, and D 3 describing the properties of thorium ions in solution and the solvent extraction of thorium as well as Supplement Volume E describing the coordination compounds also have been published. The present volume begins, in a summary fashion, with a description of the natural occurrence of the element Th. Especially stressed are those facts that are most important in understanding its geological distribution on Earth (as, e.g., mode of occurrence and distribution among minerals) and its behavior in minerals (as, e.g., mode of occurrence and distribution among minerals) and its behavior in minerals (as, e.g., diadochy and metamictization of minerals). Attached is a tabulation of the highest reported Th or ThO2 content in minerals that normally (by their crystal-chemical formula) do not contain Th. The main part of the present volume describes the minerals of Th. As can be seen from the crystal-chemical formulas, there are, in addition to a few minerals containing Th as the sole cation, a number of minerals that contain Th as an additional cation or as a diadochic element. In the case of diadochic substitution the mineral may represent a Th-rich end member of a solid-solution series and, therefore, is described as a separate Th mineral, or may only sporadically contain higher amounts of Th (no mineral description is given). The mineral descriptions, in this volume including oxides, carbonates and phosphates/siliconphosphates of Th, comprise the following topics: occurence; chemistry; crystal form and structure; optical and other physical properties; and chemical and thermal behavior. The silicates of Th and the deposits of Th will be described in the volume "Thorium" Suppl. Vol. A 1b, that also contains a mineral index for both volumes.

Neben und zusammen mit Stahl ist Beton heute der wichtigste Baustoff. Seine Herstellung und Verwendung wird deshalb hier am ausfuhrlichsten dargestellt. Beton ist fast unbegrenzt einsetz- und gestaltbar und kann vom Anwender seinen Anforderungen entsprechend selbst hergestellt werden. Hierzu bedarf es allerdings besonderer Kenntnisse der Eigenschaften von Beton, ihrer Beeinflussung und ihrer Wirkung. Die Neubearbeitung von Band 2 des vierbandigen Werkes Baustoffe fur tragende Bauteile behandelt die nichtmetallisch-anorganischen Stoffe, also vor allem Beton, Moertel und Mauerwerk. In mehreren Abschnitten werden die Betonarten, z.B. Schwer- und Leichtbeton, vorgestellt und ihre Zusammensetzung sowie ihre besonderen Eigenschaften wahrend des Einbaus und bei der Erhartung beschrieben. Ein eigenes Kapitel ist dem Moertel gewidmet, der sich in der Zusammensetzung nur durch die verwendete Korngroesse vom Beton unterscheidet. Im Kapitel uber Mauerwerk, dem anderen wichtigen nichtmetallisch-anorganischen Baustoff, werden vor allem die Festigkeits- und Verformungseigenschaften behandelt. Neueste technische Entwicklungen, aktuelle Normen und Vorschriften wurden bei der Neubearbeitung berucksichtigt.

An exceptional text for undergraduate and graduate music students, Modal Counterpoint, Renaissance Style uses a wide variety of carefully graded exercises to present guidelines for writing and analyzing 16th-century music. The only species counterpoint text that draws directly on Renaissance treatises, it provides a conceptual framework to guide students through composition and analysis as it teaches them general structural principles. With stylistically diverse examples including not only motets and mass movements but also French chansons, German chorale settings, English canzonets, Italian madrigals, and Spanish organ hymns, villancicos, and ricercars, the book gives students a "real-life" feel for the subject. It distinguishes between technical requirements ("hard" rules) and stylistic guidelines ("soft" rules), and includes coordinated exercises that allow students to develop their skills systematically. The concluding chapters provide the formal and conceptual building blocks for longer pieces and encourage students to understand analysis and composition as complementary activities. By the end of the book, students are writing real compositions, not just drill exercises. The text also features progressively graded exercises, historical asides that explain important topics and issues of the period, and some notes in the preface on using the book in the classroom. Combining the historical accuracy of "style-oriented" texts with the more systematic species counterpoint approach, this book offers a unique alternative to other methods. Now in its second edition, Modal Counterpoint, Renaissance Style integrates improvisation activities and new repertoire examples into many chapters; revises the chapter on three-part writing (Chapter 14) so that it pays more attention to rules and strategies; reworks the chapters on cadences (Chapter 10) and on writing two parts in mixed values (Chapter 11) to make them more accessible to students; incorporates clarified instructions throughout; and includes a summary of rules.

Als wichtigster nichtmetallisch-anorganischer Baustoff wird Beton in Band 2 dieses vierbandigen Werkes am ausfuhrlichsten behandelt. Der Fachmann erfahrt hier alles uber Herstellung und Verwendung der verschiedenen Betonarten. Weitere Abschnitte sind dem Mortel und dem Mauerwerk gewidmet. Neueste technische Entwicklungen und aktuelle Normen und Vorschriften wurden in der Neubearbeitung berucksichtigt.