In connection with the recent treatment of radium and the
actinides, the Gmelin Institute is carrying out the description of
thorium and its compounds. The Supplement Volumes A 2, A 3, A 4,
and A 5 with the history, isotopes, uses, the recovery of thorium
and general properties of thorium atom and ions, the thermodynamics
of its compounds and solutions, spectroscopic data and analytical
chemistry, biological behavior, health protection and safety
control have already been published. The Supplement Volumes C 1, C
2 and C 3 describing the compounds with the noble gases, hydrogen,
oxygen compounds and nitrogen compounds are also available; also
have been published Supplement Volumes C 5 and C 7 describing the
compounds with sulfur, selenium, tellurium, and boron, carbonates,
thiocynates, alkoxides, and carboxylates. The Supplement Volumes D
1, D 2, and D 3 describing the properties of thorium ions in
solution and the solvent extraction of thorium as well as
Supplement Volume E describing the coordination compounds also have
been published. The present volume begins, in a summary fashion,
with a description of the natural occurrence of the element Th.
Especially stressed are those facts that are most important in
understanding its geological distribution on Earth (as, e.g., mode
of occurrence and distribution among minerals) and its behavior in
minerals (as, e.g., mode of occurrence and distribution among
minerals) and its behavior in minerals (as, e.g., diadochy and
metamictization of minerals). Attached is a tabulation of the
highest reported Th or ThO2 content in minerals that normally (by
their crystal-chemical formula) do not contain Th. The main part of
the present volume describes the minerals of Th. As can be seen
from the crystal-chemical formulas, there are, in addition to a few
minerals containing Th as the sole cation, a number of minerals
that contain Th as an additional cation or as a diadochic element.
In the case of diadochic substitution the mineral may represent a
Th-rich end member of a solid-solution series and, therefore, is
described as a separate Th mineral, or may only sporadically
contain higher amounts of Th (no mineral description is given). The
mineral descriptions, in this volume including oxides, carbonates
and phosphates/siliconphosphates of Th, comprise the following
topics: occurence; chemistry; crystal form and structure; optical
and other physical properties; and chemical and thermal behavior.
The silicates of Th and the deposits of Th will be described in the
volume "Thorium" Suppl. Vol. A 1b, that also contains a mineral
index for both volumes.
General
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