Bioenergy Engineering: Fundamentals, Methods, Modelling, and Applications presents the fundamental principles, recent developments, innovative state-of the-art technologies, challenges, solutions and future perspectives on the production of biofuels and bioenergy. Balancing the scientific and engineering aspects of biofuels production, the book guides readers through the chemical kinetics, modeling, thermodynamics, unit operations and technological advancements in fuel processing from conventional and alternative resources. Each chapter of the book starts with the fundamentals and goes on to assess the latest technologies for the production of renewable fuels on topics. Sections cover biomass utilization, biomass-to-liquid conversion technologies (pyrolysis, liquefaction, solid-state fermentation and submerged fermentation), biomass-to-gas conversion technologies (thermochemical gasification, subcritical and supercritical water gasification, and methanation), gas-to-liquid conversion technologies (Fischer-Tropsch synthesis), carbonization, transesterification, organic transformation, carbon-carbon and carbon-heteroatom coupling reactions, oxidation, reforming, hydrotreating technologies (hydrogenation, hydrodesulfurization, hydrodenitrogenation, hydro dearomatization and hydro demetalization), nanocatalysis and biocatalysis (enzymatic hydrolysis), and much more.

This book contains 400 EMI MCQ questions, which collectively reflect the breadth of important topics in Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery. The EMIs are presented in four a bite sizea chapters (100 EMIs/chapter). Each chapter is followed by answers with succinct explanations to consolidate knowledge and understanding. Questions are deliberately arranged randomly in each chapter to reflect real life situations. The level of diffi culty of the questions varies, making this book suitable for all ENT surgeons, especially those preparing for professional examinations such as DOHNS (UK), Arab Board, European Board, MRCS (ENT) and FRCS ORL-HNS (UK). This book represents the most up-to-date and comprehensive assessment of post graduate ENT knowledge, with emphasis on the a wheata rather than the a chaff a . It will appeal to those who want to quickly evaluate and update their knowledge, in the shortest possible time. Seven other ENT Tzar books are also available for ENT career development from medical student level to Consultant (www.enttzar.co.uk, www.ricardopersaud.com)

Bioremediation and Bioeconomy: A Circular Economy Approach provides a common platform for scientists from various backgrounds to find sustainable solutions to environmental issues, including remediation of emerging pollutants, usage of contaminated land and wastewater for bioproducts such as natural fibers, biocomposites, and fuels, to boost the economy. The need for transitioning to a sustainable use of natural resources is now more evident than ever as industrialization and pollution are global phenomena. Biodiversity is being used as raw material for environmental decontamination, and this field has grown phenomenally in recent years, having emerged less than 3 decades ago. On the other hand, the volume of contaminated substrates (water, soil, and air) is increasing due to anthropogenic and technogenic sources of organic and inorganic contaminants. Bioremediation and Bioeconomy: A Circular Economy Approach will address the bottlenecks and solutions to the existing limitations in field scale and the relevant techniques.

Unlike some other reproductions of classic texts (1) We have not used OCR(Optical Character Recognition), as this leads to bad quality books with introduced typos. (2) In books where there are images such as portraits, maps, sketches etc We have endeavoured to keep the quality of these images, so they represent accurately the original artefact. Although occasionally there may be certain imperfections with these old texts, we feel they deserve to be made available for future generations to enjoy.

Currently, there is a critical need to integrate diversity and inclusion into health professions curricula and to diversify educators' approaches to teaching. The COVID-19 pandemic has most recently highlighted the systemic barriers that exist for our most vulnerable patients. To address these inequities, it is important to promote diversity and inclusion in thought, practice, and curricular content. Social and cultural experiences uniquely influence the learning experience, so a plurality of perspectives should be represented in educational material and seen in the classroom. Cases on Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion for the Health Professions Educator serves as a tool to enhance the structure and competencies of learners in health professions. This case book engages both learners and educators in health professions in robust discussions that serve to enhance awareness and knowledge around these issues with the expectation that knowledge will translate into practices that eventually reduce health inequities. Covering topics such as ableism, barriers to healthcare access, and mental health stigma, this case book is an indispensable resource for health professionals, educators and students in the health professions, hospital administrators, medical librarians, sociologists, government officials, researchers, and academicians.

In recent years, there has been considerable interest in studying the quantum capacitance (QC) in 2D quantum MOSFETs (QMOSFET) and 1D Nano Wire FET (NWFET) devices of various technologically important materials which find extensive applications in many directions in low dimensional electronics. The 2D and 1D electron statistics in inversion layers of MOSFETs can rather easily be varied by changing the gate voltage which, in turn, brings a change of the surface electric field, the QC depends on the gate-voltage. This first-of-its-kind book deals solely with the QC in 2D MOSFETs of non-linear optical, ternary, quaternary, III-V compounds, II-VI, IV-VI, stressed Kane type, Ge, GaP, Bismuth telluride, Gallium Antimonide and their 1D NWFETs counter parts. The influence of quantizing magnetic field, crossed electric and magnetic fields, parallel magnetic field, have also been considered on the QC of the said devices of the aforementioned materials. The influences of strong light waves and ultra-strong electric field present in nano-devices have also been considered. The accumulation layers of the quantum effect devices of the said materials have also been discussed in detail by formulating the respective dispersion relations of the heavily doped compounds. The QC in 1D MOSFET of the said materials have also been investigated in this context on the basis of newly formulated electron energy spectra in all the cases. The QC in quantum well transistors and magneto quantum well transistors together with CNTFETs have been formulated and discussed in detail along with I-V equations of ballistic QWFETs and NWFETs together with their heavily doped counter parts. In this context, experimental determinations are suggested of the Einstein relation for the Diffusivity-Mobility ratio, the Debye screening length, Elastic Constants and the content of this book finds three different applications in the arena of nanoscience and nanotechnology.This book contains hundred open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers.

Himalayan Fruits and Berries: Bioactive Compounds, Uses and Nutraceutical Potential presents nutraceutical fruits and berries from the Himalayan region and highlights their potential use in nutraceutical products. Beginning with the introduction of the Himalayan region and its wild fruits, this book explores various kinds of wild fruits and berries. It includes coverage of traditional, ethnomedicinal, and local uses of potential nutraceutical fruits and analyzes their distribution, availability, and cultivation methods. The book also provides a detailed summary of clinical studies and presents "from field to industry" case studies. Wild fruits and berries play an important role in mitigating hunger in the developing world, and these fruits are consumed either in whole or extracted for use in nutraceutical production. Nutrition researchers, food scientists, food chemists, plant scientists, pharmacologists, as well as students or researchers working in pharmaceutical and nutraceutical industries exploring the use of Himalayan wild berries and fruits as new components and sources in nutraceuticals will benefit from this book.

In a gorgeous history that spans continents and millennia, Aarathi Prasad weaves together the complex story of the queen of fabrics. Through the scientists who have studied silk, and the biology of the animals from which it has been drawn, Prasad explores the global history, natural history, and future of a unique material that has fascinated the world for millennia. For silk, prized for its lightness, luminosity, and beauty is also one of the strongest biological materials ever known. More than a century ago, it was used to make the first bulletproof vest, and yet science has barely even begun to tap its potential. As the technologies it has inspired - from sutures to pharmaceuticals, replacement body parts to holograms - continue to be developed in laboratories around the world, they are now also beginning to offer a desperately needed, sustainable alternative to the plastics choking our planet. Prasad's Silk is a cultural and biological history from the origins and ancient routes of silk to the biologists who learned the secrets of silk-producing animals, manipulating the habitats and physiologies of moths, spiders and molluscs. Because there is more than one silk, there is more than one story of silk. More than one road, more than one people who discovered it, and wove its threads. From the moths of China, Indonesia and India to the spiders of South America and Madagascar, to the silk-producing molluscs of the Mediterranean, Silk is a book rich in the passionate connections made by women and men of science to the diversity of the animal world. It is an intoxicating mix of biography, intellectual history and science writing that brings to life the human obsession with silk.

Abiotic Stress and Legumes: Tolerance and Management is the first book to focus on the ability of legume plants to adapt effectively to environmental challenges. Using the -omic approach, this book takes a targeted approach to understanding the methods and means of ensuring survival and maximizing the productivity of the legume plant by improving tolerance to environmental /abiotic stress factors including drought, temperature change, and other challenges. The book presents a comprehensive overview of the progress that has been made in identifying means of managing abiotic stress effects, specifically in legumes, including the development of several varieties which exhibit tolerance through high yield using transcriptomic, proteomic, metabolomic and ionomic approaches. Further, exogenous application of various stimulants such as plant hormones, nutrients, sugars, and polyamines has emerged as an alternative strategy to improve productivity under these environmental challenges. Abiotic Stress and Legumes: Tolerance and Management examines these emerging strategies and serves as an important resource for researchers, academicians and scientists, enhancing their knowledge and aiding further research.

Microplastics in the Ecosphere Discover the environmental impact of microplastics with this comprehensive resource Microplastics are the minute quantities of plastic that result from industrial processes, household release and the breakdown of larger plastic items. Widespread reliance on plastic goods and, particularly, single-use plastics, which has been increased by the COVID-19 pandemic, has made microplastics ubiquitous; they can be found throughout the ecosphere, including in the bloodstreams of humans and other animals. As these plastics emerge as a potential threat to the environment and to public health, it has never been more critical to understand their distribution and environmental impact. Microplastics in the Ecosphere aims to cultivate that understanding with a comprehensive overview of microplastics in terrestrial ecosystems. It analyzes microplastic distribution in aerosphere, hydrosphere, and soil, tracing these plastics from their production on land to their distribution—overwhelmingly—in maritime ecosystems. The result is a book that will inform researchers and policymakers as we look to tackle this emerging challenge globally. Microplastics in the Ecosphere readers will also find: Introductory information about the production and distribution of single-use plastics An emphasis on management and mitigation strategies designed to reduce contamination over time A multidisciplinary approach, combining concepts and analytical techniques from a range of scientific fields Microplastics in the Ecosphere is a valuable guide for researchers and scientists, advanced undergraduate and graduate students, industry professionals, and policymakers looking to understand the impact of these widespread materials.

Manganese Mining Microorganisms covers the latest amalgamation of the diversity of Mn biomining microorganisms, their biosolubilization mechanisms, and their role in natural manganese biogeochemical cycling. The book demonstrates the role of microorganisms as applied to manganese recovery from ores using bacteria. This new book provides an in-depth view of the latest trends in green mining, along with mechanistic views of biomining and bio recovery processes for both academic (undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral students and lecturers/researchers) and industrial readers.

Plant Life under Changing Environment: Responses and Management presents the latest insights, reflecting the significant progress that has been made in understanding plant responses to various changing environmental impacts, as well as strategies for alleviating their adverse effects, including abiotic stresses. Growing from a focus on plants and their ability to respond, adapt, and survive, Plant Life under Changing Environment: Responses and Management addresses options for mitigating those responses to ensure maximum health and growth. Researchers and advanced students in environmental sciences, plant ecophysiology, biochemistry, molecular biology, nano-pollution climate change, and soil pollution will find this an important foundational resource.

The concepts of the Electron Statistics (ES) and the ES dependent electronic properties are basic pillars in semiconductor electronics and this first-of-its-kind book deals with the said concepts in doping superlattices (SLs), quantum well, quantum wire and quantum dot SLs, effective mass SLs, SLs with graded interfaces and Fibonacci SLs under different physical conditions respectively. The influences of intense radiation and strong electric fields under said concepts have been considered together with the heavily doped SLs in this context on the basis of newly formulated the electron energy spectra in all the cases. We have suggested experimental determinations of the Einstein relation for the Diffusivity-Mobility ratio, the Debye screening length, Elastic Constants and the content of this book finds 25 different applications in the arena of nanoscience and nanotechnology.This book contains hundred open research problems which form the integral part of the text and are useful for both PhD aspirants and researchers. It is written for post graduate students of various departments of different academic organizations, engineers and professionals in the fields of solid state electronics, materials science, solid state sciences, nano-science, nanotechnology and nano materials in general.

An Economist Best Book of the Year A Financial Times Best Book of the Year A Foreign Affairs Best Book of the Year A ProMarket Best Political Economy Book of the Year One of The Week's Ten Best Business Books of the Year A cutting-edge look at how accelerating financial change, from the end of cash to the rise of cryptocurrencies, will transform economies for better and worse. We think we've seen financial innovation. We bank from laptops and buy coffee with the wave of a phone. But these are minor miracles compared with the dizzying experiments now underway around the globe, as businesses and governments alike embrace the possibilities of new financial technologies. As Eswar Prasad explains, the world of finance is at the threshold of major disruption that will affect corporations, bankers, states, and indeed all of us. The transformation of money will fundamentally rewrite how ordinary people live. Above all, Prasad foresees the end of physical cash. The driving force won't be phones or credit cards but rather central banks, spurred by the emergence of cryptocurrencies to develop their own, more stable digital currencies. Meanwhile, cryptocurrencies themselves will evolve unpredictably as global corporations like Facebook and Amazon join the game. The changes will be accompanied by snowballing innovations that are reshaping finance and have already begun to revolutionize how we invest, trade, insure, and manage risk. Prasad shows how these and other changes will redefine the very concept of money, unbundling its traditional functions as a unit of account, medium of exchange, and store of value. The promise lies in greater efficiency and flexibility, increased sensitivity to the needs of diverse consumers, and improved market access for the unbanked. The risk is instability, lack of accountability, and erosion of privacy. A lucid, visionary work, The Future of Money shows how to maximize the best and guard against the worst of what is to come.

Vaccine development is a complex and time consuming process that differs from the development of conventional pharmaceuticals. Primarily, vaccines are intended for use in healthy individuals as a preventative measure, requiring a long and rigorous process of research and many years of testing and development prior to clinical trials and regulatory approval. The average time for the development of vaccines to clinical is 12 to 15 years. Vaccine Development: From Concept to Clinic is a detailed overview of the development of new vaccines, covering the entire process and addresses all classes of vaccines from a processing, development and regulatory viewpoint. Utilising successful case studies the book will provide insight to the issues scientists face when producing a vaccine, the steps involved and will serve as an ideal reference tool regarding state-of-the-art vaccine development. This book is an ideal companion for any researchers working in vaccine discovery and development or with an interest in the field.

Machine learning is able to solve real-time problems. It has several algorithms such as classification, clustering, and more. To learn these essential algorithms, we require tools like Scikit and TensorFlow. Machine Learning Algorithms Using Scikit and TensorFlow Environments assists researchers in learning and implementing these critical algorithms. Covering key topics such as classification, artificial neural networks, prediction, random forest, and regression analysis, this premier reference source is ideal for industry professionals, computer scientists, researchers, academicians, scholars, practitioners, instructors, and students.