This volume explores various methodologies to study biochemical, molecular, and cellular biology aspects of some processes regulated by protein SUMOylation. SUMO: Methods and Protocols is organized into four parts, and starts with an historical overview on protein SUMOylation and a presentation of the methods included in the book. The first part also includes a review on chromatin regulation by dynamic SUMO modifications. The second part focuses on in vitro techniques, including biochemical methods to study mechanistic aspects of protein SUMOylation. The third part includes protocols to be used with cell cultures, which often are the first approaches used in most laboratories. The final part includes methodologies adapted for the analysis in vivo using distinct model organisms. Written in the highly successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include a brief introduction to the subject, a list of necessary materials and reagents, a step-by-step reproducible laboratory protocol ending with a Notes section on troubleshooting tips, and tips and strategies to avoid known pitfalls. Unique and cutting-edge, SUMO: Methods and Protocols provides a comprehensive source of protocols for specialists and researchers not familiar with this vital system.

Esta historia, esta llena de duros y desgraciados acontecimientos, pero tambien, es una historia llena de dulzura, felicidad y sosiego, de acuerdo con los tiempos, que en cada momento acontecian; creo que es una historia donde el lector puede sentirse reconfortado, feliz y hasta identificado en muchos de los puntos de vista. Son muchas las cosas que han ocurrido, en este y otros paises, que la gente se ha olvidado; si todos y cada uno de nosotros, echaramos de vez en cuando la vista atras para recordar, quienes fueron nuestros ancestros. De donde procedemos y de quien. Como fuimos. Como somos y en que nos hemos convertido; podeis tener la seguridad, de que todos y cada uno de nosotros, seriamos mucho mas ricos en valores humanos; valores estos de los cuales cada dia carecemos mas. La historia de los pueblos y la propia de cada uno de nosotros, es el legado mas valioso, que el ser humano puede tener.

This volume details novel and popular approaches to decipher the Ubiquitin Code. Chapters guide readers through ubiquitin chain complexity, methods to generate non-hydrolysable ubiquitin-NEDD8, a fully synthetic method for the linear synthesis of fluorescently labelled rhodamine LC3A and LC3B, a HECT ligase-mediated ubiquitylation in vitro, a RNAi-based screening to identify DUBs, a Yuh1 activity assay, a pull-down to isolate K48 and K63 chains using specific nanobodies, identification of NeDDylated protein based in a NEDD8R74K mutant, in vivo identification of NEDDylated proteins from liver diseases, UbL-ID method to identify ubiquitin-like modified proteins, a LC3/GABARAP capturing system, and methods to isolate peptides that are closely associated with proteasomes or trapped inside the core particle of proteasomes in eukaryotic cells, among others. Written in the successful Methods in Molecular Biology series format, chapters include introductions to their respective topics, lists of the necessary materials and reagents, step-by-step, readily reproducible protocols, and notes on troubleshooting and avoiding known pitfalls. Authoritative and cutting-edge, The Ubiquitin Code aims to to be a useful practical guide to researches to help further their study in this field.

This book, written by members of the European network PROTEOSTASIS, provides an up-to-date review of the research regarding protein homeostasis in health and disease. With new discoveries contributing to the increasing complexity of this topic, the book offers a detailed overview of the pathways regulating protein homeostasis, including autophagy and the ubiquitin protein family. Following a basic introduction, it explains how defects in protein homeostasis contribute to numerous pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, inflammation and a number of rare diseases. In addition, it discusses, the role of protein homeostasis in cellular development and physiology. Highlighting the latest research in the field of protein homeostasis and its implications for various clinically relevant diseases, the book appeals to researchers and clinicians, while also offering a reference guide for scholars who are new to the field.

This book offers a historical and comparative overview of the evolution of racial classifications in the United States, Latin America, and the Caribbean. The Hispanicization of America is precipitating a paradigm shift in racial thinking in which race is no longer defined by distinct characteristics but rather is becoming synonymous with ethnic/cultural identity. Traditionally, assimilation has been conceived of as a unidirectional and racialized phenomenon. Newly arrived immigrant groups or longstanding minority/indigenous populations were "Americanized" in confining their racial and ethnic natures to the private sphere and adopting, in the public sphere, the cultural mores, norms, and values of the dominant cultural/racial group. In contrast, the Hispanicization of America entails the horizontal assimilation of various groups from Spanish-speaking countries throughout the Western Hemisphere and Caribbean into a pan-ethnic, Hispanic/Latino identity that also challenges the privileged position of whiteness as the primary and exclusive referent for American identity. Instead of focusing on one Hispanic group, ethnic identity, or region, this book chronicles the development of racial identity across the largest Hispanic groups throughout the United States. Highlights distinct differences in perceptions of racial identity for members of the Hispanic community Underscores the fluid and malleable nature of race through a comparative and historical review of the evolution of racial classifications Explains why the Hispanicization of the United States constitutes a paradigm shift from traditional notions of racial identity formation Documents how immigration to the United States from Spanish-speaking countries throughout the Western Hemisphere and Caribbean is creating the first truly Hispanic country by subsuming the national identities of immigrants to the pan-ethnic, Hispanic/Latino category

This is the sixth volume of a well-established and popular series in which expert practitioners discuss topical aspects of light scattering in solids. This volume discusses recent results of Raman spectroscopy of high Tc superconductors, organic polymers, rare earth compounds, semimagnetic superconductors, and silver halides, as well as developments in the rapidly growing field of time-resolved Raman spectroscopy. Emphasis is placed on obtaining information about elementary excitations, the basic properties of materials, and the use of Raman spectroscopy as an analytical tool. This volume may be regarded as an encyclopedia of condensed matter physics from the viewpoint of the Raman spectroscopist. It will be useful to advanced students and to all researchers who apply Raman spectroscopy in their work.

This book, written by members of the European network PROTEOSTASIS, provides an up-to-date review of the research regarding protein homeostasis in health and disease. With new discoveries contributing to the increasing complexity of this topic, the book offers a detailed overview of the pathways regulating protein homeostasis, including autophagy and the ubiquitin protein family. Following a basic introduction, it explains how defects in protein homeostasis contribute to numerous pathologies, including cancer, neurodegeneration, inflammation and a number of rare diseases. In addition, it discusses, the role of protein homeostasis in cellular development and physiology. Highlighting the latest research in the field of protein homeostasis and its implications for various clinically relevant diseases, the book appeals to researchers and clinicians, while also offering a reference guide for scholars who are new to the field.

A study of migration habits as a global phenomenon. Migration in History explores the nature and complexity of the movement of peoples, cultures, and ideas in historical context. This engaging volume presents essays from a variety of scholars to expand our understanding ofthe longstanding process and history of migration as an established global phenomenon. The articles examine population movements and their demographic, social, political, legal, and cultural causes and consequences in Medieval andModern Europe, South Asia, Israel, and China. Topics addressed include voluntary and forced movements of people within and between regions and nations; movement towards urban centers or dispersal into surrounding countryside; transfers of cultural objects, practices, and technologies; experiences of resocialization and the transfer, reconstruction, and creation of memories, myths, values and symbols; the role of local, national, and transnational legal institutions; the relationship between immigration, assimilation, religion, and acculturation; movement in the interest of ethnic autonomy or secession, and as a response to such dangers as deprivation, religious persecution, and the development of border zones within which populations move and interact. Contributors: David Abraham, Elspeth Carruthers, Hasia R. Diner, Luca Einaudi, Joshua Fogel, Gautam Ghosh, and Carl Ipsen. Anthony T. Grafton teaches European history at Princeton University; Marc S. Rodriguez is Assistant Professor of History at the University of Notre Dame.

Esta historia, esta llena de duros y desgraciados acontecimientos, pero tambien, es una historia llena de dulzura, felicidad y sosiego, de acuerdo con los tiempos, que en cada momento acontecian; creo que es una historia donde el lector puede sentirse reconfortado, feliz y hasta identificado en muchos de los puntos de vista. Son muchas las cosas que han ocurrido, en este y otros paises, que la gente se ha olvidado; si todos y cada uno de nosotros, echaramos de vez en cuando la vista atras para recordar, quienes fueron nuestros ancestros. De donde procedemos y de quien. Como fuimos. Como somos y en que nos hemos convertido; podeis tener la seguridad, de que todos y cada uno de nosotros, seriamos mucho mas ricos en valores humanos; valores estos de los cuales cada dia carecemos mas. La historia de los pueblos y la propia de cada uno de nosotros, es el legado mas valioso, que el ser humano puede tener.