With challenges similar to those faced by a number of low income countries, Madagascar faces critical policy choices with respect to post-basic education. Enrolment ratios in senior secondary education and tertiary education are 10 percent and 3 percent, respectively, among the lowest in the world. Critical skill shortages and pervasive inequities in access necessitate changes in the quantity and quality of education and skills. The increasing number of basic education completers and demographic growth are mounting pressure on the government to expand access to post-basic education. Responding to these economic and social challenges, the government has made the transformation of education one of the key priorities of the Madagascar Action Plan. However, low domestic revenues and competing demands from other sectors, including basic education, limit the room for maneuver. Caught between these two pincers, policy makers often choose to sacrifice quality over expanding access or are unable to develop a long term vision. 'Developing the Workforce, Shaping the Future' presents Madagascar s core challenges and argues persuasively that the time for transforming the post-basic education system is now. It documents the poor performance of the post-basic education system in the areas of quality and relevance, internal efficiency, equity and financial inefficiency. The report presents a sequence of prioritization of reforms, focusing on improving education content and linkages with the economy, increasing coverage cost-effectively through the adoption of new planning norms for public institutions, utilization of the private sector and innovations in open/flexible learning and creating the enabling framework through reforms of governance, finance and management. The report provides a convincing reform scenario for a low income country, with actions to be undertaken in the medium and long term to sustain the development of post-basic education in an environment of limited public resources and implementation capacity. Policy makers in other developing countries will find this report useful to gauge their own strategies for post basic education."

Converging technologies promise a new era of delivering education, health, and social services to millions of digitally excluded. Hard hit by the COVID-19 pandemic and beset with low human development outcomes, how can South Asia bring these benefits to vulnerable groups, adapt technologies, and build trust and protection against risks?

La presente etude examine les principaux defis auxquels Madagascar est confrontee et plaide en faveur d'une refonte immediate du systeme d'education post-fondamental. Ce rapport documente les resultats mediocres de l'education post-fondamental aux plans de la qualite et de la pertinence de l'enseignement, de l'efficacite interne du systeme, de l'equite et de l'inefficience financiere. Il recommande de proceder a une serie de reformes, qui s'enchaineraient suivant un ordre de priorite, afin d'ameliorer les contenus educatifs en tenant compte des liens avec l'economie; d'etendre la couverture educative d'une maniere efficace par rapport au cout grace a l'adoption de nouvelles normes de planification pour les institutions publiques; de recourir au secteur prive et a des formules novatrices privilegiant un apprentissage ouvert et souple; et d'instaurer un cadre porteur en mettant en oeuvre des mesures qui renforcent la gouvernance, la gestion financiere et l'administration du systeme. Le rapport propose un scenario de reforme specialement concu pour un pays a faible revenu, qui indique les mesures a prendre a moyen et a long termes pour soutenir la mise en place d'un systeme d'education post-fondamental dans un contexte caracterise par des ressources publiques et des capacites d'execution limitees. Les decideurs d'autres pays en developpement trouveront cette etude utile pour evaluer leurs propres strategies d'education post-fondamental.

This book lays out a range of policy and implementation actions that are needed for countries in sub-Saharan Africa to meet the challenge of improving learning while expanding access and completion of basic education for all.