This book is concerned with the development of tourism and tourism public policy, and the strategic management of failure of tourism to realize its commercial potential. The particular salience of this research lies in the fact that it has been conducted during conceivably the most interesting (politically) and volatile (globally) period for the world's tourism industry. Increasing competition, economic, and environmental issues combined with the continued threat of terrorism, and instability in the middle-east, necessitated governments assessing and redefining their tourism public policies. How they approached this in the late nineties and new Millennium is reflected in the first part of the book. The second part focuses on Scotland whose tourism public policy issues in the late nineties were focused, concentrated, and mutated by globalization, political devolution, and the restoration of the Scottish Parliament in 1999. In consequence tourism and economic development powers were devolved to Edinburgh from Westminster. However, other powers such as fiscal and employment policies which impacted greatly on tourism were reserved to Westminster, a complex situation which the book has also set out to explain, as it does the Scottish Parliament's inability to influence such powers. During the lifetime of the first parliament in almost three hundred years, Scottish tourism was confronted by significant challenges e.g., the foot and mouth epidemic, the terrorist atrocities in the USA, Indonesia, and Kenya, the combination of which for a short but crucial period virtually decimated North American tourism trade to Europe, and of course recession. More recently there has been the massive downturn in the stock market which has impacted negatively on consumer confidence, SARS and war in Iraq. All of this is important because no such integrated contemporary account of tourism public policy exists. Nor does any similar account exist of the impac

Immigration policy is one of the most contentious public policy issues in the United States today. High-skilled immigrants represent an increasing share of the U.S. workforce, particularly in science and engineering fields. These immigrants affect economic growth, patterns of trade, education choices, and the earnings of workers with different types of skills. The chapters in this volume go beyond the traditional question of how the inflow of foreign workers affects native employment and earnings to explore effects on innovation and productivity, wage inequality across skill groups, the behavior of multinational firms, firm-level dynamics of entry and exit, and the nature of comparative advantage across countries.